References

    Date-Author Newspaper and Media Articles

    September 1918 and Before

    This section includes both newspaper accounts and pre-1940 medical journal articles and reports in order to provide a full-chronological browsing experience. The early medical journal articles and reports citations are duplicated by author-date order under the "Articles, Reports, Books and Other Documents" section, below.

  1. Marriott Digital Library. Dec. 12, 1894. Dr. T. B. Beatty, elected December 12, 1894. Salt Lake City, Utah: Marriott Digital Library. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s69p3qzk (Image of Dr. T. B. Beatty).
  2. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. February 2, 1918. Scheid to Name White for Police. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s67959jk/10148973 (Image of Samuel G. Paul)
  3. Kerr, J.W. (Asst. U.S. Surgeon General). March 4, 1916. Some essentials to the Development of Efficient Health Organization. JAMA: 66(10):703-707.
  4. JAMA. March 16, 1918. Typhoid in the large cities of the United States in 1917: Sixth Annual Report. JAMA, 70(11), 777-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1918.26010110010011
  5. Salt Lake Tribune. June 25, 1918. Dr, Beatty is Made Captain. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6g17b8k/14996301
  6. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. August 8, 1918. Spanish Influenza Raging in Belgium. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s66d6zxg/10199257
  7. Universal Services. August 18, 1918. Spanish Flu is Cause of Deaths. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6j72s96
  8. Salt Lake Tribune. August 30, 1918. Prepare for Opening of Public Schools. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6rf75fc/14931089.
  9. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. Sept. 1, 1918. President Sets Sept. 12 Date to Register. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6q82k0k/10206513
  10. Salt Lake Telegram. September 2, 1918. 5,000 in Labor's Big Patriotic Pageant. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s63x9f7p/19612791 (Contains the cartoon. The article estimates that 15,000 attended, and 5,000 marched in the parade.)
  11. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 3, 1918. Governor Will Proclaim State Holiday Sept. 12. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6ft9rxf/10207148
  12. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 3, 1918. Crowds Cheer and Applaud Monster Labor Day Pageant. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6ft9rxf/10207003 (photograph)
  13. Salt Lake Tribune. September 3, 1918. 100,000 March in New York Parade. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6zc9dbv/14904385
  14. Salt Lake Tribune. September 11, 1918. 56,778 to Register for Selective Draft. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6w396qx/14930985
  15. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 11, 1918. 14,648 Men to Register in Salt Lake. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s65b17cq/10209007
  16. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 13, 1918. City Booths Enroll 14,494 for U.S. Army. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61k0gqw/10209312
  17. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 14, 1918. Utah's Total in Enrollment Falls Greatly. Salt Lake Herald-Republican.
  18. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 14, 1918. 14,000,000 Believed Total Registration. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6wt0053/10209344
  19. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 24, 1918. Influenza Now Raging at 25 Camps in U. S. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6zp5c3w/10257813
  20. United Press. September 24, 1918. Boston is Hard Hit by Flu. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6rr77
  21. Associated Press. September 25, 1918. U.S. Opens Big Fight on 'Flu'. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6h75r68
  22. Salt Lake Telegram. September 25, 1918. "Flu" has missed Salt Lake as yet. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6n06gz1
  23. Salt Lake Telegram. September 28, 1918. Warns West "Flu" May Spread. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cg50jt
  24. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. September 28, 1918. 42,367 Cases of Influenza in U.S. Camps. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fr12h2/10258706
  25. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. Sept. 29, 1918. Welcome! [Utah Fair Opens]. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6669k4p/10259380
  26. Salt Lake Tribune. September 29, 1918. Influenza Kills Two Utahns Sailor and Marine are Victims. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6155tf6/14909126

    27. October 1918

  27. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 1, 1918. Utah Holds Its Greatest Pageant Democracy's Hosts Capture City. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6nc763p/10210015
  28. United Press. October 2, 1918. Vaccine Found to Prevent Flu, U. S. is Informed. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62g2z3n
  29. Associated Press. October 3, 1918. Flu Spreads to Boulder, Colorado. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z08jpt
  30. Associated Press. October 3, 1918. 250 "Flu" Cases in Two Arizona Cities. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62r928j
  31. Associated Press. October 3, 1918. Schools Closed and Shows Closed by Flu [in Philadelphia]. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s66h9t1b
  32. Ogden Daily Standard. October 3, 1918. Spanish Influenza Baffles Doctors of United States. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cz494m/6984597
  33. Salt Lake Telegram. October 4, 1918. New York Begins Battle Against Flu. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s66b2d3w
  34. United Press. October 4, 1918. Death Rate of Flu is 1 to 27. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6b334t6
  35. Leary, T. Oct. 1918. The Use of Influenza Vaccine in the Present Epidemic. Am. J. Public Health (N. Y.). 8(10):754-768. doi:10.2105/ajph.8.10.754 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1362340/
  36. Salt Lake Telegram. October 5, 1918. Entrainment of 450 Utah Draftees is held up by "flu" Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6b90jqr (Death of salesman John Hogan.)
  37. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 8, 1918. Draft Boards in Utah Wire Progress Made. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6pv7r8p/10227952
  38. Salt Lake Telegram. October 9, 1918. Theatres, Churches, Schools of Utah Close on Account of "Flu': State Board of Health Issues Drastic Order Effective Immediately. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6vx4jjw/18635633
  39. Salt Lake Telegram. October 10, 1918. 350 Residents of Salt Lake Flu Victims. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6285j5n
  40. Ogden Daily Standard. Oct. 10, 1918. City Schools Closed after Official Advice Are Received from State Board of Health. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z04b2r/6939922
  41. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 11, 1918. Effective Vaccine Sought to Cope with Influenza. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cv5pms/10210366
  42. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 11, 1918. Draft Lottery Numbers 1 to 4000. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cv5pms/10210450
  43. Salt Lake Telegram. October 11, 1918. 211,000 Flu Cases in Army. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6c0081p/18636502
  44. Dost, B.C. and Lyon, A.B., Oct. 12, 1918. Face Masks in Infections of the Respiratory Tract. JAMA. 71(15):1216-1219. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.26020410011008c https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219248
  45. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 13, 1918. 'Flu' Masks Ready to Check Epidemic. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6t77sxn
  46. Utah Division of Archives and Records Service. October 12, 1918 (digitized 2006). Eldredge S. Coffin. Utah World War I Questionaire Series. https://images.archives.utah.gov/digital/collection/p17010coll48/id/6526
  47. Ogden Daily Standard. October 14, 1918. Mobilization Order. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6xd23m3/6965092
  48. Salt Lake City Herald-Republican. October 14, 1918. "Mercy Workers Become Victims" and "Red Cross Acts to Stop Spread of 'Flu' in City". Salt Lake City Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=10211353
  49. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 14, 1918. Draftees Face Physicians of Local Board https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s60k3fhm/10211366
  50. Salt Lake Tribune. October 15, 1918. Furloughs for Certain Draftees. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6c266w1/14943373
  51. Salt Lake Telegram. October 15, 1918. Utah First to Finish Classification of 90 per cent Men 19 to 36. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fj6jtq/18644509
  52. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 16, 1918. Registrants Are Examined for Influenza. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6r50wnb/10211727
  53. Salt Lake Telegram. October 17, 1918. Teachers Volunteer as Flu Nurses.Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6bp5cbf (ZCMI clerks wear masks; Beatty appointed acting assistant U.S. surgeon general.)
  54. Salt Lake Telegram. October 18, 1918. Newsies Don New Gauze Masks to Ward off Flu Strident Tones Not Silenced by Covered Mouth Telegram Army Photographed in Sanitary Attire. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s60g8vpp
  55. U.S. National Library of Medicine. October 18, 1918. Accessed June 10, 2020. "To Prevent Influenza". Poster Collection. https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101580385-img
  56. U.S. Library of Congress. Estimated date October 18, 1918. Accessed June 12, 2020. Community Center Diet Kitchen for Influenza patients. Salt Lake City, Utah. U.S. Library of Congress, Reproduction No. LC-DIG-ggbain-02651. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014682646/
  57. U.S. Library of Congress. Estimated date October, 1918. Accessed June 12, 2020. Dr. Woods Hutchinson. U.S. Library of Congress, Reproduction No. LC-DIG-anrc-03371. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017669343/
  58. JAMA. Oct. 19, 1918. JAMA. "Current Comment: Vaccines in Influenza". JAMA. 71(16):1317-1318. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.02600420059018’>Link
  59. Salt Lake Telegram. October 19, 1918. Wearing 'Flu' Mask Mandatory in Provo. Salt Lake Telegram. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6bk6nxq
  60. Salt Lake Telegram. October 23, 1918. 20,000 Influenza Cases in Utah. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6gt9q7c/18629927
  61. Ogden Daily Standard. Oct. 25, 1918. Dr. R. E. Worrell in a Statement on Influenza. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s69p43kk/6964437
  62. JAMA. Oct. 26, 1918. Editorial, JAMA. 71(17):1408.’>Link
  63. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 26, 1918. Scheid Gives Blood to End Epidemic. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s69w1mgc/10214062
  64. Salt Lake Tribune. Oct. 26, 1918. Wearing of Masks Made Mandatory. Salt Lake Tribune, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s63216bg/14976516
  65. Salt Lake Telegram. October 26, 1918. Influenza Mask Order Held in Abeyance. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6s224hg/18640464
  66. Ogden Daily Standard. Oct. 28, 1918. Babies are Made Orphans by 'Flu'. Ogden Daily Standard. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62v7rst
  67. Ogden Standard Examiner. October 29, 1918. Influenza Cases in Salt Lake Total Over 2300. Ogden Standard Examiner.’>Link
  68. Salt Lake Tribune. October 29, 1918. 'Flu' Statistics up to Date in Salt Lake City. Salt Lake Tribune. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s66f13jn
  69. Salt Lake Tribune. October 30, 1918. 'Flu' Situation in Salt Lake City. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tm8nj7/14977100
  70. Salt Lake Tribune. October 30, 1918. Homes of Victims to Be Placarded. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tt62c8/14894894 (2,000 homes will be placarded with influenza signs.)
  71. Ogden Daily Standard. October 30, 1918. Homes Where Influenza Has Appeared to be placarded, by Order of Health Board. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6qf9vsk/6938700
  72. Deseret Evening News. Oct. 31, 1918. Expert Tells What Vaccine Really Is. Deseret News. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/idx/f/flu/6630flu.0010.366/1/--expert-tells-what-new-vaccine-really-is

    73. November 1918

  73. Salt Lake Telegram. November 1, 1918. Draft Boards Told to be Wary of Influenza. Salt Lake Telegrahttps://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6gt9q7c/18629927m.
  74. Desert Evening News. November 2, 2018. General Election Occurs on Tuesday. Desert Evening News.https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cache/5/8/3/5830flu.0010.385/00000001.tif.1.pdf
  75. Deseret Evening News. November 5, 1918. Force of Grave Diggers Increased Five Times. Deseret Evening News. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/idx/f/flu/7930flu.0010.397/1/--force-of-grave-diggers-increased-five-times
  76. Salt Lake Tribune. November 5, 1918. Deaths and Funerals. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6kw6sh8/14985684
  77. Salt Lake Tribune. November 6, 1918. Draftees to Wear Influenza Masks. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fn2hm4/14956680
  78. Bingham Bulletin. November 8, 1918. Bingham Doctor Claims Cure for the Influenza. Bingham Bulletin. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61s0qz0/45588
  79. JAMA. November 9, 1918. Editorial. 71(19):1583. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219511
  80. Paschall, Benjamin, S. November 9, 1918. Value of Vaccination against Influenza. JAMA. 71(19):1602-1602.doi: 10.1001/jama.1918.02600450078021 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219519
  81. Hutchinson. Woods, Dr. November 10, 1918. Letter to Merritt Ireland, Surgeon General, U.S. Army. Univ. of Michigan, Influenza Archives. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.6260flu.0014.626
  82. Salt Lake City Tribune. November 10, 1918. Anti-influenza serum provided. Salt Lake City Tribune. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.4330flu.0009.334
  83. Salt Lake Tribune. November 10, 1918. Service Today for T. G. Welch, Influenza Victim. (T. G. Welch). Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sr09wm/14968852 (He was a city salesman for the Morrison-Merrill Lumber Company. He married Miss Ila Parry, June 11, 1918, and is survived by his widow, two sons, Ross 3 1 2 years; Evard Van, 10 months old; also by a mother, three brothers four sisters.")
  84. Salt Lake Tribune. November 10, 1918. Woman is Dead from Influenza at Taylorsville. (Mrs. Hyrum Norberg). Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sr09wm/14968890 ("She is survived by her husband, five children, one sister and four brothers.")
  85. Salt Lake Tribune. November 10, 1918. Influenza Victim will be Buried at City Cemetery. (Adelbert A. Budd). Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sr09wm/14968891 ("Mr. Budd was the son of Mrs. and George J. had been employed as a clerk in store department. He is survived by widow, Inez S. Budd; an infant daughter, sister, two brothers .")
  86. Salt Lake Tribune. November 10, 1918. Pneumonia Kills Salt Laker at Rock Island, Ill. (Hebert N. Peterson). Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sr09wm/14968869 ("Herbert N. Peterson, 18 years of age, son Mrs. and C. 923 south fourth street, died. Mr. Peterson was on his way to work the munitions plant when he contracted influenza.")
  87. Salt Lake Tribune. November 10, 1918. Services hold for Fred Roy Lunn, Influenza Victim. (Fred Roy Lunn). Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sr09wm/14968871 (He was survived by a brother and four sisters.)
  88. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. November 11, 1918. Influenza Gets Fewer Victims; Menace [Illegible]. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6475gtm/10217914
  89. Salt Lake Telegram. November 11, 1918. Pandemonium Reigns as Merrymakers March Streets Every Known Noise-Making Device Ads to Din Business is Forsaken as All Join in Joyous Pageant. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6575f2n/18639792
  90. Salt Lake Tribune. November 12, 1918a. Carnival is Staged in Streets. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6281k1r/14967971
  91. Salt Lake Tribune. November 12, 1918b. Greatest Crowd in the History of Salt Lake Gathers in Front of Tribune Office. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6281k1r/14967965
  92. Salt Lake Tribune. November 12, 1918c. 125,000 Salt Lakers Go Joy Mad. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6281k1r/14967963
  93. Salt Lake Tribune. November 12, 1918. Crowder Cancels Calls of Draftees. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6281k1r/14968207
  94. Salt Lake Tribune. November 13, 1918. Defer Action on Reopening Order. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s66h5tw1/14996643
  95. Salt Lake Telegram. November 13, 1918. Raising Flu Ban to be Decided Tomorrow. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6c28zgh/18630151
  96. Salt Lake Telegram. November 15, 1918. Board Defers Order Raising Influenza Ban. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fr3znc/18637889
  97. Salt Lake Tribune. November 15, 1918. Ban is Still in Abeyance. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s65h8srn/14998932
  98. Davis County Clipper. November 15, 1918. Armistice Signs; War Ended. Davis County Clipper. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s67139zf
  99. Fox, H. November 16, 1918. Vaccines in Influenza. JAMA. 7(20):1682. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.02600460062022 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219588
  100. Salt Lake Telegram. November 18, 1918. Flu Danger is Passed, Says Newman. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6k979kw/18644344
  101. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. November 19, 1918. General Mask Wearing Will Curb Epidemic. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tq76gm/10220253
  102. Ogden Daily Standard. November 20, 1918. Conference is Held is Salt Lake on Influenza. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62n6469/6981951 (Committee of five formed and creates plan with Beatty and state local health officials; Beatty describes his trip to Tremonton as a city gripped in fear; fatality rate is 0.4 percent.)
  103. Salt Lake Tribune. November 20, 1918. Enforced Vacation Worries Teachers. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fj3t78/14895879
  104. Salt Lake Tribune. November 21, 1918. Plan Drastic Step to Conquer ‘Flu'. Salt Lake Tribune. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6pk5rq0 (Committee of Five formed and creates plan with Beatty state and local health officials).
  105. Ogden Daily Standard. November 22, 1918. Head of State Board of Health Gives His Views. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6640rpt/6993648
  106. Salt Lake Tribune. November 22, 1918. 'Flu' Closing Ban Started in City. Salt Lake Tribune. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6353vz6
  107. Ogden Daily Standard. November 23, 1918. Epidemic Not under Control in the Capital. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6h143xc/6973343
  108. Salt Lake Tribune. November 24, 1918. Will Placard Houses of Influenza Victims. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tt62c8/14894894 (2000 homes to placarded; Beatty states that epidemic is nearing its end.)
  109. Salt Lake Telegram. November 25, 1918. Compulsory Mask Wearing Looms in Fight Against Influenza. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6672g8x/18638310 (Mayor Ferry proposes social distancing ordinance; new vaccine requires three shots over time.)
  110. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. November 26, 1918. What to Do Until the Doctor Comes. Salt Lake Herald-Republican, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6xh0x24/10221781
  111. Ogden Daily Standard. November 26, 1918. What Dr. Harrison Says of Epidemic Situation. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6zs3zfp/6944683
  112. Ogden Daily Standard. November 27, 1918. State Health Board Bulletin Dos and Don'ts. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s698991n/6940945
  113. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. November 30, 1918. Denver Refuses to Close Public Places. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s68s5vtx/10222969
  114. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. November 30, 1918. Physicians cry down wearing of masks. Salt Lake Herald-republican. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s68s5vtx/10222925
  115. Salt Lake Tribune, November 30, 1918. 'Flu' Mask Issue up to Board of Health. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s63b79jf/14893951
  116. Salt Lake Telegram. November 30, 1918. Flu Mask Not Adopted by Board. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61p236d/18634051
  117. Salt Lake Tribune. November 30, 1918. Dr. Beatty Makes Plain his Position on Mask Question. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s63b79jf/14894132 (Case rates for other cities)

    118. December 1918

  118. Salt Lake Tribune. December 1, 1918. Denver Rescinds Gauze Mask Order. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6jh4xkz/14887341
  119. Salt Lake Tribune. December 1, 1918. Open Inoculation Stations to Stem Progress of ‘Flu,’ Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6jh4xkz/14887393
  120. Salt Lake Telegram. December 2, 1918. Epidemic Dying out, Beatty Asserts. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s64f5srh/18635353
  121. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 3, 1918. New Low Mark in City Death Rate. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6wh3vxb/10223824
  122. Salt Lake Tribune. December 3, 1918. Gauze Muzzle is Opposed by Doctors. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6vt33fr/14892325
  123. Salt Lake Tribune. December 3, 1918. Gauze Work to be Discontinued. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6vt33fr/14892328
  124. Salt Lake Telegram. December 4, 1918. Mask Order for County Issued. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6q2829m/18644141
  125. Salt Lake Tribune. Dec. 5, 1918. Death Takes Heavy Toll of Family Three Sisters Succumb to Influenza, Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6b00g80/14885735
  126. Bingham Press Bulletin. December 6, 1918. Masks will Still be Worn in this Camp. Bingham Bulletin. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6d54nbt/42324
  127. Park Record. Dec. 6, 1918. City Council Denies Petition to Discontinue Gauze Mask. Park Record. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6zc95f9/8070223
  128. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 6, 1918. Business Men Laud Work of Health Board. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6hb0b33/10224442
  129. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 6, 1918. Influenza Cases Double in Chicago. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6hb0b33/10224413
  130. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 6, 1918. Isolation Rules Will be Rigidly Enforced Here. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6hb0b33/10224332 (Health officers spying on placarded homes; telephone reporting line of suspected infected persons.)
  131. Salt Lake Tribune. December 6, 1918. But One Flu Death Reported Thursday. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6rv205z/14899792 (Scheid reports on telegrams sent to other cities)
  132. Salt Lake Tribune. December 6, 1918. 37 Die in Denver from Flu in Day. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6rv205z/14899535
  133. Goodwin's Weekly. December 7, 1918. "Open the Town", Goodwin's Weekly, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s64t7g3t/3548095
  134. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 7, 1918. Churches Will Open; Theatres next Day. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cj9kct/10224468 (telegram survey of other cities.)
  135. Salt Lake Tribune. December 7, 1918. Health Boards Lift Influenza Ban. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62c08dm/14896491
  136. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 7, 1918. Influenza is Gaining in S. F. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cj9kct/10224484
  137. Salt Lake Telegram. December 7, 1918. San Diego Now is Closed by flu. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62c312c/18645103
  138. Barnes, Harry Lee. December 7, 1918. The Prophylactic Value of Leary's Vaccine. JAMA. 71(23):1899-1899. doi: 10.1001/jama.1918.02600490031009 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219736
  139. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 8, 1918. Stringent Isolation Laws Still Effective: Salt Lake Herald-Republican. (Vaccines given to 1375 persons. Health officers spying on placarded homes; compling report of other city contacts. References November 30 Salt Lake City Public Health Order. Dr. Beatty is compiling data to prove wisdom of lifting Ban)’>Link
  140. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 8, 1918. Certificates Necessary in Trip to Ogden. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s67s8tn3/10225099
  141. Ogden Daily Standard. December 9, 1918. Ogden's Quarantine Disturbs the Salt Lakers. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s67s8tn3/10225099
  142. Ogden Daily Standard. December 9, 1918. Dr. Beatty is a Contradiction. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6qf9vt1/6981046
  143. Beatty, T. B. December 9, 1918. Dr. Beatty "Obey Rules of Flu Ban Comes Again, Warning," Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6m91m1g/14892756
  144. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 9. 1918. Star Bill at Pantages Tonight. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6087b76/10225420
  145. Salt Lake Telegram. December 9, 1918. Salt Lake County protests lifting of ban against Salt Lake City. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6zp8847/18637053
  146. Ogden Daily Standard. December 10, 1918. Dr. Beatty Comes to Ogden to Register a Big Protest; Masks Are No Longer Worn. Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s65t4ng0/7006163
  147. Ogden Daily Standard. December 1918. 17000 Die of "Flu". Ogden Daily Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s65t4ng0/7006084
  148. Salt Lake Tribune. December 10, 1918. New 'Flu' Cases Drop to Fifty-Nine. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6p288kc/14897605
  149. Salt Lake Tribune. December 10, 1918. Cities Outline Methods Taken to Combat Influenza Epidemic. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6p288kc/14897603 (Tribune telegrams several mid-sized cities on their flu experience.)
  150. Salt Lake Tribune. December 11, 1918. Board Protests School Closing, Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6dr45w2/14887710
  151. Salt Lake Tribune. December 11, 1918. Cities Report on Influenza Battle. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6dr45w2/14887707 (Tribune data on Dayton and Spokane.)
  152. Salt Lake Tribune. December 11, 1918. Says Mask Failed to Abate Disease. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6dr45w2/14887701
  153. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 12, 1918. Belated Action. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6087b76/10225401 (County health physician T. J. Howells efforts to quarantine the county and to require Salt Lake City residents to don masks when exiting Salt Lake City)
  154. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 12, 1918. Educators to Help Enforce Health Rule. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6m341nk/10226113
  155. Salt Lake Tribune. December 12, 1918. Exclude Children from all Theaters. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61g1xnq/14888985
  156. American Public Health Association. Statement dated December 13, 1918. (January 1919). In. A Working Program Against Influenza Prepared by an Editorial Committee of the American Public Health Association from Discussions Presented at the Meeting of the Association Held in Chicago, Illinois, December 9-12, 1918.Statement dated December 13, 1918. American Journal of Public Health. 9(1); 1919, 1-13. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.9.1.1
  157. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 13, 1918. Disease Germ is Losing, Says Health Report. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6gb38xv/10226283
  158. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. Dec. 13, 1918. Program to Combat Epidemic Withheld. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6gb38xv/10226294
  159. Park City Record. December 13, 1918. Certificates required. Park City Record. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tm8dm7/8070353
  160. American Public Health Association. Statement dated December 13, 1918. (January 1919). In. A Working Program Against Influenza Prepared by an Editorial Committee of the American Public Health Association from Discussions Presented at the Meeting of the Association Held in Chicago, Illinois, December 9-12, 1918.Statement dated December 13, 1918. American Journal of Public Health. 9(1); 1919, 1-13. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.9.1.1
  161. McCoy, G.W., Murray, V.B., Teeter, A.L. December 14, 1918. The failure of a bacterial vaccine as a prophylactic against influenza. JAMA. 71(24):1997. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.26020500023006i https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219810
  162. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 14, 1918. 'Flu' Claims One Victim Here Friday. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6bk2j70/10226493
  163. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 17, 1918. Dr. Paul Back from Meeting. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6z90j9z/10227323
  164. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 18, 1918. Eternal Vigilance is the Price of Lives. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tm8h1v/10227693
  165. Roosevelt Standard. December 18, 1918. Vaccine for Influenza. Roosevelt Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62v3ktp/9534010
  166. Deseret Evening News. December 19, 1918. Day of Fasting and Prayer. Deseret Evening News. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0450flu.0010.540
  167. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 20, 1918. 21 Cases is Day's Influenza [Illegible]. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fb67vc/10228429
  168. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. December 22, 1918. Influenza Ban to Die Fully Ere Christmas. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s65t4rfs/10229091
  169. Salt Lake Tribune. December 22, 1922. 'Flu' Prohibitions Raised by Boards. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s60g4wjs/14891722
  170. Salt Lake Telegram. December 24, 1918. City Schools to Open next Monday Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s69s5t1h/18644694
  171. Salt Lake Tribune. December 24, 1918. City Schools Open on Monday Morning. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6n88n59/14890096
  172. Park Record. December 27, 1918. Influenza Situation. Park Record. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6k65mkt/8070459
  173. Salt Lake Telegram. December 27, 1918. Educators Prepare Study Program for Schools. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sz0g77/18638901
  174. Salt Lake Telegram. December 27, 1918. Inoculation is Urged by Board. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sz0g77/18638858
  175. Salt Lake Tribune. December 27, 1918. Gowans Discusses Social Problem. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6669qmm/14885812
  176. Fennel, E.A. December 28, 1918. Prophylactic incoluation against peneumonia: A brief history and status of the procedure. JAMA. 71(26):2115-2020. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.02600520001001 (Two million doses prepared for the Army). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219902
  177. Salt Lake Tribune. December 28, 1918. Teachers Meet for Institute Work. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6st917w/14897224
  178. Salt Lake Telegram. December 30, 1918. Daily Inspection in Schools is Held Essential. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61g4p81/18640060
  179. Salt Lake Telegram. December 30, 1918. Salt Lake Schools Opened after Long Enforced Vacation. Salt Lake Telegram https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61g4p81/18639956
  180. Salt Lake Tribune. December 30, 1918. City Schools are to Reopen Today. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6p85p9p/14887134
  181. Salt Lake Tribune. December 31, 1918. City Schools Open; Attendance Large. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6dj6s2f/14898070

    182. 1919 to 1939

  182. Robertson, John Dill. January 1919 (First published December 1918) (2nd Reprint). A Report of an Epidemic of Influenza in Chicago Occuring During the Fall of 1918. https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101318114-bk
  183. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. January 3, 1919. One Influenza Death; Serum Found Safe. Salt Lake Herald-Republican https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6x64sv6/10236882
  184. JAMA. Prophylactic Inoculation Against Influenza, editorial. January 4, 1919. JAMA. 72(1):44-45. doi:10.1001/jama.1919.02610010050013 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219980
  185. Rosenow, E. C. January 4, 1919. Prophylactic incoluation against respirartory injections during the present pandemic of influenza, preliminary report. JAMA 72(1):31-34. doi: 10.1001/jama.1919.26110010010009c https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219971
  186. Salt Lake Telegram, January 7, 1919. Deaths here due to Influenza. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fb698k/19077345
  187. Salt Lake Telegram, January 7, 1919. Deaths here due to Influenza. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fb698k/19077345
  188. Salt Lake Telegram. January 10, 1919. 500,000 USD Extra Cost If Schools Suspend. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6qn7f4d/19082448
  189. Richfield Reaper. January 11, 1919. Inoculation and Influenza. Richfield Reaper.https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6th9r5w/9132083
  190. Salt Lake Telegram. January 14, 1919. Health Chores to be Given to Pupils. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6572kc6/19065775
  191. Salt Lake Telegram. January 15, 1919. Salt Lake Telegram. 2,000,000 USD City Bond Election Will be Held on March 1. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s61g1tkk/19065856
  192. Salt Lake Telegram. January 16, 1919. City Bond Election February 20.. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6wq1b44/19066040
  193. Salt Lake Telegram. January 16, 1919. 800 Register at "U" for Remainder of Term. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6qn7f4d/19082447
  194. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. January 16, 1919. Schedules of Long Hours in School to End. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6058mvx/10233068
  195. Davis County Clipper. January 17, 1919. Utah and Utahns. Davis County Clipper. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6fr0qkf/1192352
  196. Vernal Express. January 17, 1919. Lewis W. Oaks Says Influenza Masks Ineffective. Vernal Express. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6v99nn5/21299821
  197. Utah Daily Chronicle. January 30, 1919. Campus Laboratory is Vaccine Factory. Utah Daily Chronicle. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cg12wm/526390
  198. Salt Lake Telegram. January 30, 1919. Flu Experts Coming. Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s67097rv/19068915
  199. Park Record. January 31, 1919. Guard Against "Flu". Park Record. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sn1cgd/8070912
  200. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. January 31, 1919. Utah Education Bill Condemned as Autocrative. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6w67rqt/10238882
  201. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. February 2, 1920. Epidemic is Reviewed Deaths 1-5 of Previous. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6br9z5f/10321955
  202. Roosevelt Standard. February 12, 1919. Guard Against ''Flu''. Roosevelt Standard. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6x3624t/9535215
  203. Sun. February 28, 1919. Soon to Lift Quarantines. Sun. Castledale, Utah. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6dv2wjj/8899279
  204. Salt Lake Tribune. March 1, 1919. 'Flu' in February Shows Big Decline. Salt Lake Tribune. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6gt6znh/15002975
  205. Salt Lake Telegram. March 14, 1919. Clinic Purpose to be Explained Here, Salt Lake Telegram. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6xd2803/19078343
  206. Logan Republican, March 25, 1919. Effective Vaccination. Cartoon. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62j79rw/4840900
  207. Boyle, John. April 1919. Army and Navy Club: War Camp Community Service. Salt Lake City Municipal Record. 8(4):3-5. Available at Salt Lake City Library and Marriot Library Special Collections. Copy in author's possession.’>Link
  208. Jefferson Medical College. May 1919 (estimated). Graduation Picture for Lewis W. Oaks. 1919 Clinic Yearbook" Jefferson Medical College Yearbooks. Paper 28. https://jdc.jefferson.edu/jmc_yearbooks/28
  209. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. July 13, 1919. Nearly 700 Utah Boys Died for Liberty. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sj2rj6/10285120
  210. Jordan, E. O. November 12, 1927. The Influenza Epidemic of 1918: II; Preventive Measures. 89(20):1689-1693. doi:10.1001/jama.1927.92690200001013 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/251741
  211. Jordan, E. O. November 19, 1927. The Influenza Epidemic of 1918: III; Preventive Measures - Prohyalactic Inoculation. JAMA. 89(21):1779-1783.doi:10.1001/jama.1927.02690210001001 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/251921
  212. Jordan E. D. 1927. Epidemic influenza. Chicago: American Medical Association.

    213. Date-Author Newspaper and Media Articles - 1940 to Present

    1940 to February 2020

  213. Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. May 1946. Milton Joseph Rosenau. 36(5):530-531. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.36.5.530
  214. Eckman. James. July 1966. Edward Carl Rosenow, M.D.: 1875-1966, American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 46(1):123-124. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/46.1.123
  215. Van Leer, Twila. March 28, 1995. Flu Epidemic Hit Utah Hard in 1918, 1919. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/1995/3/28/19166723/flu-epidemic-hit-utah-hard-in-1918-1919
  216. Stolte, Daniel. February 16, 2014. Study on flu evolution may change textbooks, history books. Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140216151747.htm
  217. Campbell, Colin. November 19, 2015. Donald Trump explains the give-and-take of deal-making like only he can. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-deals-2015-11
  218. Wright, Mark. A.. Feb. 1, 2016. Donald Trump's Business Career has been one of Bullying Ordinary Citizens. National Review. https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/02/donald-trump-business-record-bully/
  219. Cain, Aine. March 19, 2017. Management experts break down Trump's leadership style during his first 100 days as president. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-management-style-2017-3#-1
  220. Martinson, Erica. Dec. 2, 2017, originally July 26, 2017. Trump administration threatens retribution against Alaska over Murkowski health votes. https://www.adn.com/politics/2017/07/26/trump-administration-signals-that-murkowskis-health-care-vote-could-have-energy-repercussions-for-alaska/
  221. Umoh, Ruth. March 13, 2018. Donald Trump said he’d run the White House like a business, but no big business is run like Donald Trump’s White House. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/13/business-professors-discuss-donald-trumps-chaotic-management-style.html
  222. Ward, Alex, Beauchamp, Zack, Kirby, Jen and Stewart, Emily. March 17, 2018. "Andrew McCabe, the former FBI deputy director targeted by Trump, was just fired". Vox. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/3/16/17121196/andrew-mccabe-fired-sessions-trump-fbi
  223. Gstalter, Morgan. July 12, 2018. Trump again labels himself a ‘very stable genius’. The Hill. https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/396628-trump-calls-himself-a-stable-genius
  224. Davis, Kenneth. September 21, 2018. Philadelphia Threw a WWI Parade That Gave Thousands of Onlookers the Flu. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/philadelphia-threw-wwi-parade-gave-thousands-onlookers-flu-180970372/
  225. Miller, Scott E.. December 2018. The Bully Pulpit and The Pulpit Bully: A Comparison of How Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Donald TrumpUsed the Media To Propel Their Careers and Political Agendas. History Theses, 46. https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/history_theses/46
  226. Congressional Budget Office. January 28, 2019. The Effects of the Partial ShutdownEnding in January 2019. https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2019-01/54937-PartialShutdownEffects.pdf
  227. Cummings, William. July 11, 2019. Trump says he's so "great looking and smart, a true Stable Genius" in tweet bashing 2020 Dems.USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/07/11/trump-again-calls-himself-stable-genius/1703154001/
  228. Channel 4 News. September 4, 2019. Malcolm Gladwell on truth, Trump's tweets and talking to strangers. Channel 4 News. https://youtu.be/on7Wjdl_qhM
  229. Klar, Rebecca. January 10, 2020. Fact-checker counts 16K false, misleading claims by Trump in three years. The Hill. https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/479041-fact-checker-counts-16k-false-misleading-claims-by-trump-in-three
  230. Lewis, Phil. January 20, 2020. Why Disruptive Leaders Fail - And How To Stop It Happening. Opinion. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/phillewis1/2020/01/20/why-disruptive-leaders-failand-how-to-stop-it-happening/#2e9aebce13a3
  231. Sheth, Sonam and John Haltiwanger. February 7, 2020. Impeachment witness Alexander Vindman and his twin brother were abruptly fired and escorted from the White House as part of Trump's payback. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/impeachment-witness-alexander-vindman-escorted-out-of-the-white-house-2020-2
  232. Choi, David. February 10, 2020. Lt. Col. Vindman’s former Army commander pushes back on Trump’s decision to dismiss officer from National Security Council staff. Military Times. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-army/2020/02/10/lt-col-vindmans-former-army-commander-pushes-back-on-trumps-decision-to-dismiss-officer-from-national-security-council-staff/
  233. Sreenivasan, Hari. February 20, 2020. The Spread of Disinformation and the 2020 Election: An interview with McKay Coppins. Amanpour and Company. https://youtu.be/2-zvJPxJ8Hk

    234. March 2020

  234. Gephardt, Matt and Schrage, Sloan. March 10, 2020. How Utah Reacted To The Spanish Flu, KSL News. https://ksltv.com/432840/utah-spanish-flu/?
  235. C-SPAN. March 11, 2020. Dr. Anthony Fauci addresses COVID-19 mortality rate. C-SPAN.9 https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4860450/user-clip-dr-anthony-fauci-addresses-covid-19-mortality-rate
  236. Fink, Sheri. March 16, 2020. White House Takes New Line After Dire Report on Death Toll. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/us/coronavirus-fatality-rate-white-house.html (Re: Imperial College report).
  237. McCaskill, O. D., Kenen, J. and Cancryn, A. March 16, 2020. 'This is a very bad one': Trump issues new guidelines to stem coronavirus spread. Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/16/trump-recommends-avoiding-gatherings-of-more-than-10-people-132323
  238. Hutson, Sonja. March 20, 2020. Salt Lake County Clarifying Public Health Order After Concerns From Governor Over Enforcement. KUER. https://www.kuer.org/post/salt-lake-county-clarifying-public-health-order-after-concerns-governor-over-enforcement#stream/0
  239. Hitt, Tarpley. March 22, 2020. Ken Burns: The Coronavirus Pandemic Is Not History Repeating Itself. The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/ken-burns-on-how-the-coronavirus-pandemic-is-not-history-repeating-itself
  240. Gephardt Daily Staff. March 23, 2020. Gov. Herbert orders Utah schools K-12 to remain closed until May 1. Gephardt Daily.com. https://gephardtdaily.com/breaking/gov-herbert-order-utah-schools-k-12-schools-to-remain-closed-until-may-1st/
  241. Habermann, Maggie. March 23, 2020. Trump has given unusual leeway to Fauci, but Aide say he's losing his patience. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/us/politics/coronavirus-trump-fauci.html
  242. Free, Nathaniel Sgt. March 27, 2020. Utah National Guard Medical and Science Officers Join the Utah Economic Response Task Force as Data Analytics and Decision Support Advisory Team. Utah Naional Guard. News. Web. https://ut.ng.mil/Site-Management/News-Article-View/Article/2128770/utah-national-guard-medical-and-science-officers-join-the-utah-economic-respons/
  243. Strochlic, Nina and Champine, Riley D. March 27, 2020. How some cities ‘flattened the curve’ during the 1918 flu pandemic. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/03/how-cities-flattened-curve-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-coronavirus/
  244. Harkins, Paighten. March 29, 2020. Retired general now leads Utah’s coronavirus response; health director reassigned over medical concerns. Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/04/01/retired-general-now-leads/
  245. KSL TV. March 29, 2020. Salt Lake County Issues COVID-19 Public Health Order. https://ksltv.com/434202/salt-lake-county-issues-covid-19-public-health-order/
  246. Ferrieira, Francsico. March 30, 2020. Is there a trade-off between lives and incomes in the response to Covid-19? Blog. World Bank. https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/there-trade-between-lives-and-incomes-response-covid-19 (Acting Director for Development policy in the World Bank’s development research group).
  247. Kirby, Robert. March 30, 2020. 'Everyone is sick’ - A look back at when Spanish flu delayed LDS General Conference. The Salt Lake City Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/religion/2020/03/30/everyone-is-sick-look/ The Spring April 1919 LDS church semi-annual conference was cancelled.)
  248. Cornwall, Warren. March 31, 2020. Can you put a price on COVID-19 options? Experts weigh lives versus economics. Science. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/modelers-weigh-value-lives-and-lockdown-costs-put-price-covid-19
  249. Lewis, Sophie. March 31, 2020. "An open license to pollute": Trump administration indefinitely suspends some environmental protection laws during coronavirus pandemic. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-trump-administration-epa-suspends-environmental-protection-laws/
  250. Marquez, Miguel and Moghe, Sonia. March 31, 2020. Inside a Brooklyn hospital that is overwhelmed with Covid-19 patients and deaths. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/30/us/brooklyn-hospital-coronavirus-patients-deaths/index.html

    251. April 2020

  251. Madhani, Aaamer, Miller, Zeke, and Fram, Alan. April 1, 2020. President Trump resists national stay-at-home order to stem the spread of coronavirus, leaving it up to the states. Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/ct-nw-coronavirus-national-stay-at-home-order-20200401-iv6jy7rjbrbfre5uwheoc45jii-story.html
  252. Guardian News. April 2, 2020. Trump blames states for lack of supplies, Kushner takes centre stage at coronavirus briefing. https://youtu.be/Tv4Os_pI8e4?t=94
  253. Badger, Emily and Bui, Quoctrung. April 3, 2020. Cities That Went All In on Social Distancing in 1918 Emerged Stronger for It. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/03/upshot/coronavirus-cities-social-distancing-better-employment.html
  254. Markel, Howard, April 3, 2020. Coronavirus mask guidance remains unclear. Here's how history can help. Opinion. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/coronavirus-mask-guidance-remains-unclear-here-s-how-history-can-ncna1174451
  255. Stauffer, McKenzie. April 3, 2020. Salt Lake City Mayor Mendenhall, again, calls for statewide stay-at-home order. KUTV2News. https://kutv.com/news/local/salt-lake-city-mayor-mendenhall-again-calls-for-statewide-stay-at-home-order
  256. Miller, Jessica. April 6, 2020. Utah has set up an emergency hospital. This is what it looks like. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/04/06/utah-has-set-up-an/
  257. Bernick, Robert. April 7, 2020, Poll: One in three Utahns don’t believe COVID-19 is a serious threat to themselves or their families. https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/23496-poll-one-in-three-utahns-don-t-believe-covid-19-is-a-serious-threat-to-themselves-or-their-families
  258. Schott, Bryan. April 8, 2020. Half of Utah voters think the news media is overstating the threat from the coronavirus according to a new poll. Utah Policy.com https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/23505-half-of-utah-voters-think-the-news-media-is-overstating-the-threat-from-the-coronavirus-according-to-a-new-poll
  259. CNN. April 13, 2020. Trump falsely claims he has 'total' authority over reopening. YouTube. https://youtu.be/dhni0fYpnXI
  260. Dimaschko, J. April 14, 2020. Superspreading as a Regular Factor of the COVID-19 Pandemic: II. Quarantine Measures and the Second Wave. medRxiv 2020.08.14.20174557; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.14.20174557
  261. Nicholas, Peter and Uri Friedman. April 14, 2020. Anthony Fauci, Lightning Rod. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/04/anthony-fauci-trump-coronavirus-pandemic/609994/
  262. ABC4News. April 17, 2020. Salt Lake County modifies public health order; Mayor encourages continued social distancing ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/local-news/salt-lake-county-officials-make-announcement-on-countys-stay-at-home-order/
  263. BBC News. April 17, 2020. Coronavirus: Trump unveils plan to reopen states in phases. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52314866
  264. Leonard, Wendy. April 18, 2020. Hundreds gather to rally for revival of Utah business. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/4/18/21226583/hundreds-gather-to-rally-for-revival-of-utah-business
  265. Brown, Matthew. April 21, 2020. The widespread protests to reopen the economy, explained. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2020/4/21/21228246/coronavirus-covid-19-protests-rallies-government-economy-states-partisan-tea-party
  266. Semerand, Tony. April 22, 2020. Utah governor advised to start lifting economic restrictions, no formal timetable set. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/04/22/utah-governor-advised/
  267. Alberty, Erin and Carlisle, Nate. April 24, 2020. This executive links TestUtah.com and the pharmacy selling the state malaria drugs to treat coronavirus. The Salt Lake City Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/04/24/utah-adds/ (Meds-in-Motion was related to testingutah.com. Testing Utah had a contract to screen Utahans for Covid-19 and added a pro-hydroxychloroquine question to its screening.)
  268. Perez, Matt. April 24, 2020. Trump Suggests Injecting Coronavirus Patients With Light Or Disinfectants, Alarming Experts. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattperez/2020/04/23/trump-suggests-injecting-coronavirus-patients-with-light-or-disinfectants-contradicting-experts/#4b7de7664088
  269. Alba, Monica, Kristen Welker and Carol E. Lee. April 25, 2020. Fauci's absence from recent coronavirus briefings draws notice: The national health expert was in attendance for just one of this week's seven briefings. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/fauci-s-absence-recent-coronavirus-briefings-draws-notice-n1192421
  270. Isaac, Lindsay and Jay Croft. April 25, 2020. WHO says no evidence shows that having coronavirus prevents a second infection. CNN https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/25/us/who-immunity-antibodies-covid-19/index.html
  271. Alberty, Erin. April 26, 2020. Utah leaders want people to wear face masks. We tracked 1,500 people at stores. Here’s what we saw. The Salt Lake Tribune.. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/04/26/utah-leaders-want-people/
  272. Ziv, Shahar. April 26, 2020. Hedge Funds Barred From Paycheck Protection Program Loans. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/shaharziv/2020/04/26/bye-felicia-hedge-funds-barred-from-paycheck-protection-program/#311478407588
  273. Shorman, Jonathan, April 27, 2020 Kansas official says man drank cleaner after Trump floated dangerous disinfectant remedy. The Wichita Eagle. https://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article242326966.html
  274. Jacobs, Bethany and Means, Sean P. April 28, 2020. Utah will begin easing coronavirus restrictions Friday, Gov. Gary Herbert says. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/04/28/utah-will-begin-easing/
  275. Rodgers, Bethany. April 28. 2020. Pharmacists question legality of state’s scrapped plan to distribute malaria meds for COVID-19. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2020/04/28/price-gouging-complaint/ (Normal wholesale cost is 10 to 15 cents per tablet. supplier was not properly licensed to manufacture the drug.)
  276. Wells, David. April 28, 2020. Watchdog group files price gouging complaint about Utah's purchase of unproven COVID-19 treatment. Fox 13 News. Salt Lake City, Utah. https://www.fox13now.com/news/coronavirus/local-coronavirus-news/watchdog-group-files-price-gouging-complaint-about-utahs-purchase-of-unproven-covid-19-treatment (The State of Utah paid 40 usd per dose for a 6 usd medication hydroxychloroquine.)
  277. Trump, Donald J. April 28, 2020. Executive Order on Delegating Authority Under the DPA with Respect to Food Supply Chain Resources During the National Emergency Caused by the Outbreak of COVID-19. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-delegating-authority-dpa-respect-food-supply-chain-resources-national-emergency-caused-outbreak-covid-19/
  278. Corkery, Michael, Yaffe-Bellany, David and Swanson, Ana. April 29, 2020. Powerful Meat Industry Holds More Sway After Trump’s Order. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/29/business/coronavirus-trump-meat-plants.html
  279. Galdwell, Malcom. April 29, 2020. ‘People very quickly adapted to a very radical disruption’ - writer Malcolm Gladwell on coronavirus. Channel 4 News. https://youtu.be/BgydC490NG4
  280. Jiang, Weijia and Quinn, Melissa. April 29, 2020. Trump invokes Defense Production Act to keep meat processing plants open amid coronavirus crisis. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/meat-plants-open-defense-production-act-trump-executive-order-coronavirus/
  281. Rodgers, Bethany. April 30, 2020. State accepts $800k refund for malaria drugs, concludes internal review of purchase. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2020/04/29/state-accepts-k-refund/
  282. Brown, Tina. April 30, 2020. Salt Lake County Mayor Jenny Wilson Signs Salt Lake County Health Order Reopening Guidance consistent with Governor’s Utah Leads Together 2.0 Plan. Press Release. Salt Lake County Government. https://slco.org/news/salt-lake-county-mayor-jenny-wilson-signs-salt-lake-county-health-order--reopening-guidance-consistent-with-governors-utah-leads-together-2.0-plan/
  283. Stevens, Taylor. April 30, 2020. Salt Lake County issues new guidance for residents, businesses as coronavirus restrictions lift. Salt Lake City Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/04/29/salt-lake-county-issues/
  284. Washington Post. April 30, 2020. 13 times Trump said the coronavirus would go away. Washington Post. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8yOv4PwttM

    285. May 2020

  285. ABC4News. May 1, 2020. Salt Lake Mayor says she’s heartbroken over state’s transition to orange phase of opening. ABC4News, Salt Lake City. https://www.abc4.com/coronavirus/salt-lake-mayor-says-shes-heartbroken-over-states-transition-to-orange-phase-of-opening/
  286. Davis, Nicola. Lingering and painful: the long and unclear road to coronavirus recovery. May 1, 2020. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/01/lingering-and-painful-long-and-unclear-road-to-coronavirus-recovery-long-lasting-symptoms
  287. Klein, Christopher. May 1, 2020, updated from Oct. 13, 2016. MacArthur vs. Truman: The Showdown That Changed America. History Channel. https://www.history.com/news/macarthur-vs-truman-the-showdown-that-changed-america
  288. McKellar, Katie. May 1, 2020. Utah auditor reviewing $800K buy of anti-malarial drugs, other COVID-19 purchases. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/5/1/21244594/utah-coronavirus-audit-auditor-dougall-john-malaria-drugs-covid-19
  289. Utah Business Revival. May 1, 2020. Press Release. https://utahbusinessrevival.com/pages/press-releases
  290. Davis, Nicola. Lingering and painful: the long and unclear road to coronavirus recovery. May 1, 2020. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/01/lingering-and-painful-long-and-unclear-road-to-coronavirus-recovery-long-lasting-symptoms
  291. Hansen, Marc. (Prof. Biology, BYU). May 2, 2020. Guest opinion: A return to normalcy "not social distancing" may be key to overcoming COVID-19. Desert News. https://www.deseret.com/opinion/2020/5/2/21243180/no-more-social-distancing-covid-19-data-shows
  292. Stevens, Taylor. May 4, 2020. Utah governor signs bill shielding businesses, property owners from coronavirus-related suits. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2020/05/04/utah-governor-signs-bill/
  293. Assoc. Press. May 5, 2020. Virus-Afflicted 2020 Looks Like 1918 Despite Science's March. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/05/05/us/politics/ap-us-virus-outbreak-1918-2020.html
  294. Romboy, Dennis. May 5, 2020. Utah lawmaker says government overreacted to COVID-19 pandemic, ‘can’t save everybody’. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/5/5/21248059/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-utah-business-legislature-paul-ray-overreact-reopen
  295. Kelly, Caroline. May 5, 2020. Chris Christie pushes to reopen country despite dire Covid-19 projections: 'There are going to be deaths'. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/04/politics/chris-christie-coronavirus-deaths-reopening/index.html
  296. Phelps, J. and Gittleson, B. May 5, 2020. Trump to ABC's David Muir: 'Possible there will be some' COVID-19 deaths as country reopens. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-abcs-david-muir-covid-19-deaths-country/story?id=70515537
  297. Reuters. May 5, 2020. 'Live and Let Die' blares as Trump tours mask factory. Reuters. YouTube. https://youtu.be/KzRhcjOG1es
  298. Wilkie, Christina. May 5, 2020. Trump says ‘there’ll be more death’ from coronavirus, but reopening is worth it. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/05/trump-acknowledges-some-coronavirus-deaths-will-result-from-reopening.html
  299. Baker, Peter. May 6, 2020. Trump’s New Coronavirus Message: Time to Move On to the Economic Recovery. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-recovery.html
  300. Oprsyko, C., Ehley, B., Roubein, R. and Forgey, Q. May 6, 2020. Trump kicks off a day of whiplash over future of coronavirus task force. Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/06/trump-white-house-coronavirus-task-force-239900
  301. Dearen, Jason, and Stobbe, Mike. May 6, 2020. Trump administration buries detailed CDC advice on reopening. Assoc. Press. https://apnews.com/7a00d5fba3249e573d2ead4bd323a4d4
  302. Washington Post. May 6, 2020. Trump, reversing course, says coronavirus task force will continue ‘indefinitely’. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/06/coronavirus-update-us/
  303. Ordonez, Franco and Alana Wise. May 7, 2020. White House Rejected 'Overly Prescriptive' CDC Guidance For Reopening Communities. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/05/07/852090268/white-house-rejected-overly-prescriptive-cdc-guidance-for-reopening-businesses
  304. Van Beusekom, Mary. May 7, 2020. Autopsies of COVID-19 patients reveal clotting concerns. CIDRAP News. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/05/autopsies-covid-19-patients-reveal-clotting-concerns
  305. Washington Post. May 9, 2020. As Deaths Mount, Trump Tries to Convince Americans its Safe to Inch Back to Normal. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/as-deaths-mount-trump-triesto-convince-americans-its-safetoinch-back-tonormal/2020/05/09/bf024fe6-9149-11ea-a9c0-73b93422d691_story.html
  306. Bauder, David. May 11, 2020. Watch: Trump abruptly ends briefing after contentious exchanges. Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/05/11/arts/trump-abruptly-ends-briefing-after-contentious-exchanges/
  307. Herb, Jeremy and Lauren Fox. May 12, 2020. Fauci tells Congress that states face serious consequences if they reopen too quickly. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/12/politics/anthony-fauci-congress-hearing/index.html
  308. Montanaro, Domenico. May 12, 2020. Fauci Warns States Not To ‘Jump Over’ Guidelines To Reopening. NPR. Houston Public Media. https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/2020/05/12/369381/fauci-warns-states-not-to-jump-over-guidelines-to-reopening/
  309. New York Times. May 12, 2020. Top Health Experts Paint Bleak Picture of Pandemic. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/12/us/coronavirus-live-news-updates.html
  310. Podmore, Zak. May 13, 2020. Bluff will stay at ‘red’ alert as some Utah counties are denied request to ease into ‘yellow’ coronavirus status. The Salt Lake City Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/05/13/bluff-will-stay-red-alert/
  311. Coy, Peter and Daly, Charles. May 14, 2020. The Swedish Model Trades More Disease for Less Economic Damage. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-14/sweden-coronavirus-response-less-economic-damage-more-disease
  312. Mangan, Dan. May 14, 2020. Coronavirus whistleblower Rick Bright’s complaint shows high likelihood of ‘wrongdoing,’ watchdog says. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/14/coronavirus-rick-bright-testifies-as-trump-criticizes-him.html
  313. Mullahy, Brian. May 14, 2020. Split decision: Most of Salt Lake County to go Covid-19 yellow; SLC, West Valley stay orange. KUTV2News. https://kutv.com/news/coronavirus/split-decision-most-of-salt-lake-county-to-go-covid-yellow-slc-west-valley-stay-orange
  314. Tanner, Courtney. May 14, 2020. Most of Utah will move to ‘yellow’ risk level for coronavirus. Here’s what that means. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/05/14/most-utah-will-move/
  315. Amanpour and Co. May 15, 2020. Why Don’t Americans Trust Experts Anymore? Interview with Thomas Nichols, author of "The Death of Expertise". https://youtu.be/V50HMNB4qX4 (At 4:10 min. "This is how children understand freedom.")
  316. Dudley, Graham. May 15, 2020. Here are the task force members guiding Utah's coronavirus response. KSL News. https://www.ksl.com/article/46753918/here-are-the-task-force-members-guiding-utahs-coronavirus-response
  317. Lancet. May 16, 2020. Reviving the U.S. C.D.C. Editorial. Lancet. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31140-5/fulltext
  318. Neuman, Nicole. May 16, 2020. Interfaith revival rally held at State Capitol. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/top-stories/interfaith-revival-rally-held-at-state-capitol/
  319. Hayes, Chris. May 17, 2020. 32 Countries Are Beating Coronavirus. The U.S. Isn't One. MSNBC. https://youtu.be/aeT02XSCqoo
  320. Romboy, Dennis. May 18, 2020. President Donald Trump calls Mitt Romney a loser - again. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/5/18/21263101/donald-trump-mitt-romney-inspector-general-government-watchdog
  321. Bernick, Robert. May 19, 2020. Utahns say President Trump is doing a poor job handling coronavirus pandemic. Utah Policy.com https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/23879-utahns-say-president-trump-is-doing-a-poor-job-handling-coronavirus-pandemic
  322. McDonald, Jessica. May 19, 2020. Trump Baselessly Claims Coronavirus Will ‘Go Away’ Without Vaccine. FactCheck.org. https://www.factcheck.org/2020/05/trump-baselessly-claims-coronavirus-will-go-away-without-vaccine/
  323. Cancryn, Adam. May, 20, 2020. CDC releases detailed guidelines for reopening. Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/20/cdc-guidelines-reopening-coronavirus-270607
  324. Darcy, Oliver. May 20, 2020. Fauci conspicuously stops doing TV interview as White House moves to reopen economy. CNN Business. https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/20/media/anthony-fauci-tv-interviews/index.html
  325. Breuninger, Kevin. May 21, 2020. Trump says he won’t close the country if second wave of coronavirus hits. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/21/trump-says-he-wont-close-the-country-if-second-wave-of-coronavirus-hits.html
  326. Bernick, Robert. May 27, 2020. Utahns worried the state will lift COVID-19 restrictions too quickly according to new poll. Utah Policy.com https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/23939-utahns-worried-the-state-will-lift-covid-19-restrictions-too-quickly-according-to-new-poll
  327. Schott, Bryan. May 28, 2020. Poll: Most Utahns say they would continue to stay at home to contain coronavirus spread. Utah Policy.com https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/23952-poll-most-utahns-say-they-would-continue-to-stay-at-home-to-contain-coronavirus-spread
  328. CNN. May 22, 2020. Dr. Birx shares promising coronavirus statistics. YouTube. https://youtu.be/On7v-B28ZKk
  329. CNN. May 22, 2020. Dr. Deborah Birx shares promising coronavirus statistics. YouTube. https://youtu.be/On7v-B28ZKk
  330. Forgey, Quint and Lippman, Daniel. May 23, 2019. 'Extremely stable genius': Trump defends his mental fitness as he tears into Pelosi. https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/23/trump-stable-genius-1342655
  331. ABCNews. May 24, 2020. 'If you can't social distance and you're outside, you must wear a mask'. ABC News. YouTube. https://youtu.be/I6o1YB4R6-g ( At 1:49 min. Role of CDC and U.S. Covid-19 Task Force.)
  332. Mai, H.J. May 25, 2020. Stockholm Won't Reach Herd Immunity In May, Sweden's Chief Epidemiologist Says. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/05/25/861923548/stockholm-wont-reach-herd-immunity-in-may-sweden-s-chief-epidemiologist-says
  333. NBC News. May 26, 2020. Watch Live: White House Holds Press Briefing. YouTube. At 29:35 min. https://youtu.be/9yE9X2ivQsc?t=1784
  334. Wu, Katherine. May 26, 2020. Why Immunity to the Novel Coronavirus Is So Complicated. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/coronavirus-immunity-complicated-180974970/
  335. Associated Press. May 27, 2020, Half of Americans would get a COVID-19 vaccine, AP-NORC poll finds. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/half-americans-would-get-covid-19-vaccine-ap-norc-poll-n1215606
  336. Davies, Guy and Roeber, Bruno. May 27, 2020. Sweden stayed open during the coronavirus pandemic: Is it a model for the future? ABC4News. https://abcnews.go.com/International/sweden-stayed-open-coronavirus-pandemic-model-future/story?id=70666450
  337. JAMA. May 28, 2020. Coronavirus Q and A: Managing the Pandemic. (An interview with Paul Starr, Professor of Sociology, Princeton). https://youtu.be/7hnmHNiVTsY
  338. ABC4News. May 29, 2020 Largest single-day increase: 343 new cases, 1 more COVID-19 related death.https://www.abc4.com/news/top-stories/19-cases-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-utah-some-of-them-young-students/
  339. Quinn, Melissa. May 29, 2020. The internal watchdogs Trump has fired or replaced. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-inspectors-general-internal-watchdogs-fired-list/

    340. June 2020

  340. JAMA. June 1, 2020. Coronavirus Q and A: Vaccine Development, YouTube. JAMALive. https://youtu.be/2DUiBlj5rsQ (Ethics of vaccine development).
  341. Sciutto, Jim and Paul LeBlanc, June 1, 2020. Fauci hasn't spoken with Trump in two weeks. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/01/politics/fauci-trump-two-weeks/index.html
  342. JAMA. June 2, 2020. Coronavirus Q and A with Anthony Fauci, MD. YouTube. JAMA. Live https://youtu.be/3MH-3ICY-N4 (Dr. Anthony Fauci reviews the "at-risk" vaccine manufacturing program.)
  343. Gittleson, Ben and Phelps, Jordyn. June 2, 2020. Police use munitions to forcibly push back peaceful protesters for Trump church visit. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/national-guard-troops-deployed-white-house-trump-calls/story?id=71004151
  344. Goldberg, Jeffrey. June 3, 2020. James Mattis Denounces President Trump, Describes Him as a Threat to the Constitution, The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/06/james-mattis-denounces-trump-protests-militarization/612640/
  345. Romboy, Dennis. June 3, 2020. Poll: How comfortable are Utahns going back to church, school and sporting events? Desert News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/3/21279351/coronavirus-covid19-utah-mormon-church-school-sports-economy-poll-deseret-news-hinckley-institute
  346. Stevenson, Jonathan. June 3, 2020. Trump Was Wrong to Deploy Troops. Will the Military Push Back? Opinion. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/opinion/trump-army-insurrection-act.html
  347. Desiderio, Andrew. June 4, 2020. Trump vows to campaign against Murkowski after she backs Mattis. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/04/trump-murkowski-campaign-mattis-302308
  348. Myers, Megahann. June 4, 2020. Troops should not be used as law enforcement against protesters, Esper says. Military Times. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/06/03/troops-should-not-be-used-as-law-enforcement-against-protestors-secdef-says/
  349. Romboy, Dennis. June 4, 2020. Mask or no mask? New poll shows how split Utahns are over face coverings. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/4/21279385/coronavirus-covid19-masks-face-covering-utah-poll-deseret-news-hinckley-institute-split
  350. Yong, Ed. June 4, 2020. COVID-19 Can Last for Several Months. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/06/covid-19-coronavirus-longterm-symptoms-months/612679/
  351. Edwards, Johnny. June 5, 2020. Critics say CDC leader undermined scientists battling coronavirus. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. https://www.ajc.com/news/national-govt--politics/health-experts-fear-long-term-damage-cdc-credibility/XY5XUT7GNOg3UN83MsPDoN/
  352. Fox 13 News. June 5, 2020. 439 new COVID-19 cases in Utah; One third of them in Bear River Health District Cases tied to outbreak at meat processing facility. Fox13News. https://www.fox13now.com/news/coronavirus/local-coronavirus-news/419-new-covid-19-cases-in-utah-one-third-of-them-in-box-elder-county
  353. Means, Sean P. and Semerand, T. June 5, 2002. Utah stays at yellow, Herbert says, after setting another one-day record in new COVID-19 cases. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/05/covid-cases-continue/
  354. Hislop, Craig. June 5, 2020. Nearly half of all new Utah COVID-19 cases tied to Cache Valley meat plant. Cache Valley Daily. https://www.cachevalleydaily.com/news/archive/2020/06/05/1-of-every-3-new-utah-covid-19-cases-tied-to-cache-valley-meat-plant/
  355. Herszenhorn, David M. June 6, 2020. US president stuns NATO allies, including Germany, with unilateral move seen as benefit to Russia. Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-withdrawal-us-forces-from-germany-angela-merkel/
  356. Cummings, William. June 7, 2020. 'Everything is under perfect control': Trump says he ordered National Guard to leave DC. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/06/07/trump-orders-national-guard-leave-washington-dc/3170144001/
  357. Meet the Press. June 7, 2020. Meet the Press. YouTube. Discussing NBC-WJS Poll May 29-June 2. https://youtu.be/kxwFJIQUWfg?t=2608
  358. Stewart, Phil. June 7, 2020. Trump wanted to deploy 10,000 troops in Washington D.C., official says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-minneapolis-police-protest-troops/trump-wanted-to-deploy-10000-troops-in-washington-dc-official-says-idUSKBN23E0DY
  359. CNN. June 8, 2020. New virus cases on the rise in almost half of US states. CNN. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ot86nEIcD88
  360. Good Morning America. June 9, 2020. COVID-19 cases spike in at least 20 states. GMA. YouTube. https://youtu.be/kL6_kdO721U
  361. Smith-Schoenwalder, Cecelia. June 9, 2020. Twenty States See Increases in Coronavirus Cases Amid Reopening, Protests. US News. https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2020-06-09/20-states-see-increases-in-coronavirus-cases-amid-reopening-protests
  362. Becker, Andrew. June 10, 2020. When you can't quarantine at home: Contact tracers aim to help. NPR Utah. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/10/869223792/when-you-cant-quarantine-at-home-covid-19-contact-tracers-aim-to-help
  363. Good Morning America. June 10, 2020. Trump tweets unfounded conspiracy theory about Buffalo protester. Good Morning America. YouTube. https://youtu.be/BntmZjb5GkM
  364. Facthcheck.org. Accessed June 10, 2020. Person: Donald Trump. https://www.factcheck.org/person/donald-trump/
  365. Becker, Andrew. June 10, 2020. When you can't quarantine at home: Contact tracers aim to help. NPR Utah. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/10/869223792/when-you-cant-quarantine-at-home-covid-19-contact-tracers-aim-to-help
  366. Means, Sean P. June 11, 2020. Utah eases restrictions in some areas amid surge of COVID-19 cases. The Salt Lake City Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/11/utah-reports-three-new/
  367. UCSF School of Medicine. June 11, 2020. Covid-19: Epidemiology Update, and the Tenuous Balance between Speed and Safety in the Pandemic. YouTube. UCSF Grand Rounds. https://youtu.be/Bf5UrB5vgRY
  368. Larsen, Andy. June 13, 2020. Answering the big questions about coronavirus deaths in Utah and the nation. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/13/answering-big-questions/
  369. Means, Sean P. June 14, 2020. Poll: Utah Republican voters mostly see wearing a mask as a sign of respect, not weakness The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/14/poll-utah-republican/
  370. Vejar, Alex. June 14, 2020. Coronavirus in Utah: Cities from Logan to St. George hit hard, as average cases topped 300 for the whole week. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/14/coronavirus-utah-daily/
  371. Means, Sean P. June 15, 2020. Poll: Utah Republican voters mostly see wearing a mask as a sign of respect, not weakness. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/14/poll-utah-republican/
  372. Rogers, Katie and Martin, Johnathan. June 15. 2020. Pence Misleadingly Blames Coronavirus Spikes on Rise in Testing. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/politics/pence-coronavirus-governors.html
  373. Williams, Carter. June 15, 2020. Utah leaders are being sued over COVID-19 restrictions. Do the plaintiffs have a case? KSL.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/46765303/utah-leaders-are-being-sued-over-covid-19-restrictions-do-the-plaintiffs-have-a-case
  374. New York Times. June 16, 2020. Pence Tells Governors to Repeat Misleading Claim on Outbreaks. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/world/coronavirus-usa-world.html;
  375. Imlay, Ashley. June 16, 2020. ‘We are in the acceleration phase,’ Utah’s top epidemiologist says after two weeks of rising COVID-19 cases. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/16/21292997/pandemic-coronavirus-utah-329-new-cases-new-deaths-reported-covid-19
  376. Pence, Mike. June 16, 2020. There Isn’t a Coronavirus ‘Second Wave’. Opinion. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/there-isnt-a-coronavirus-second-wave-11592327890
  377. Schott, Bryan. June 16, 2020. Mendenhall says it's 'almost laughable' how few Utahns are observing coronavirus safety measures. Utah Policy.com. https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/24120-mendenhall-says-it-s-almost-laughable-how-few-utahns-are-observing-coronavirus-safety-measures
  378. ABC4News. June 17, 2020. COVID-19: State epidemiologist says ‘risk of being infected is higher than ever before’. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/coronavirus/covid-19-state-epidemiologist-says-risk-of-being-infected-is-higher-than-ever-before/
  379. Alberty, Erin and Walker, Zoi. June 17, 2020. Utah must reduce coronavirus cases before fall to avoid ‘preventable deaths,' state epidemiologist warns. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/16/more-than-new/comments/
  380. Gross, Terry and Michael Osterholm. June 17, 2020. Assessing COVID-19 Risk As The U.S. Reopens. [An Interview with CIDRAP's epidemiologist Michael Osterholm]. Fresh Air. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/06/17/879642351/assessing-covid-19-risk-as-the-u-s-reopens
  381. Semerad, Tony and Means, Sean P. June 17, 2020. Utah governor’s latest COVID-19 plan focused on ‘full-blown economic recovery’. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/17/utah-governors-latest/
  382. Weingberger, Sharon. June 17, 2020. Leaked CDC document contradicts Pence claim that U.S. coronavirus cases 'have stabilized'. Yahoo News. https://news.yahoo.com/leaked-cdc-document-contradicts-pence-claim-that-us-coronavirus-cases-have-stabilized-195520821.html.
  383. Cortez, Marjorie. June 18, 2020. State School Board wants Utah public schools’ return-to-school plans ready Aug. 1. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/18/21296249/utah-state-school-board-public-schools-return-to-school-plans
  384. Means, Sean P. June 18, 2020. Another 495 Covid-19 Cases in Utah, and three more deaths, state health experts report. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/18/another-covid-cases/
  385. Roche, Lisa R., Donaldson, Sahalie, and McKellar, Katie. June 18, 2020. Legislature plugs $850 million pandemic budget gap in daylong session. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/18/21295630/pandemic-covid-19-coronavirus-special-session-2020-fifth-budget-issues
  386. Klopfenstein, Jacob. June 19, 2020. Utah sees pandemic's largest COVID-19 daily total with 586 new cases. KS.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/46767103/utah-sees-pandemics-largest-covid-19-daily-total-with-586-new-cases
  387. ABC News. June 19, 2020. Twenty states report increase in new COVID-19 cases. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/20-states-report-increase-covid-19-cases-71332248
  388. Dunn, Angela Dr. June 19, 2020. Internal Memorandum titled "UDOH Covid Brief". Utah Department of Health. https://kslnewsradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UDOH-COVID-Br-June-19-1.pdf
  389. Klekas, Mark, June 20, 2020. June 20: Virus numbers continue to spike as Utah reports 642 new cases. KUTV 2 News. https://kutv.com/news/local/june-20-utah-virus-numbers-continue-to-spike-as-utah-reports-643-new-cases
  390. ABC4News. June 22, 2020. ‘Edge of an outbreak’: Experts say Utah’s COVID-19 cases will continue to rise. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/coronavirus/edge-of-an-outbreak-experts-say-utahs-covid-19-cases-will-continue-to-rise/
  391. ABC4News. June 22, 2020. Utah faces ‘complete shutdown’ due to surge in coronavirus cases. ABC4News. Salt Lake City, Utah. https://www.abc4.com/coronavirus/state-epidemiologist-warns-utah-faces-complete-shutdown-due-to-increasing-coronavirus-cases/
  392. Alberty, Erin, Carlisle, Nate, Means, Sean P. and Rodgers, Bethany. June 22, 2020. Utah health officials warn of ‘complete shutdown’ if coronavirus cases don’t drop soon. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/22/utah-reports-new-covid/
  393. Imlay, Ashley. June 22, 2020. Rising COVID-19 cases mean we may need to move state back to orange, Utah epidemiologist says. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/22/21299136/coronavirus-pandemic-case-count-confirms-444-more-positive-covid-19-tests-no-new-deaths
  394. KSL. June 22, 2020. Utah epidemiologist warns state is in COVID-19 acceleration phase, shutdown could be 'only viable option'. KSL. https://www.ksl.com/article/46768018/utah-epidemiologist-warns-state-is-in-covid-19-acceleration-phase-shutdown-could-be-only-viable-option (Includes link to full text of Dunn memorandum.)
  395. Kwiecinski, Chris. June 22, 2020. COVID Updates: UDOH shares memo urging orange risk level if virus spread doesn't slow. The Spectrum. St. George. https://www.thespectrum.com/story/news/2020/06/22/coronavirus-utah-department-health-shares-memo-urging-orange-risk-level/3238526001/
  396. Schott, Brian. June 22, 2020. As coronavirus cases spike, Utah sidelines COVID-19 Task Force. Utah Policy.com. https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/24173-as-coronavirus-cases-spike-utah-sidelines-covid-19-task-force
  397. Leavitt Partners. Accessed June 23, 2020. About - Management Team. Web. https://leavittpartners.com/about-us/
  398. Rodriguez, Allison. June 23, 2020. Impacts of COVID-19 on Arizona residents on southern border. ABC15.com. https://www.abc15.com/news/region-central-southern-az/yuma/impacts-of-covid-19-on-arizona-residents-on-southern-border
  399. Seline, Libby. June 23, 2020. Program has provided more than a million masks to Utahns. See where they are going. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/23/program-has-provided-more/
  400. Reed, Jim and Sophie Hutchinson. June 23, 2020. Coronavirus: Warning thousands could be left with lung damage. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53065340
  401. Atwood, Kylie, Salama, Vivian, Frater, James, Cotovio, Vasco, and Beech, Samantha. June 24, 2020. European Union mulls recommendation to block travelers, including Americans, due to coronavirus. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/23/politics/eu-us-coronavirus-travel/index.html
  402. Donaldson, Amy. June 24, 2020. Mask mandate: Governor orders face coverings in some state buildings, requirement likely in Salt Lake County. Deseret News. Utah reports 484 new coronavirus cases Wednesday . . . https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/24/21301892/salt-lake-county-free-testing-canceled-vulnerable-communities-but-other-options-available
  403. Interfaith Leaders of Utah. June 24, 2020. Faith Leaders Across the State Encourage Utahns to Wear Face Coverings. CoronaVirusutah.gov. https://coronavirus.utah.gov/faith-leaders-across-the-state-encourage-utahns-to-wear-face-coverings/
  404. Levenson, Eric. June 24, 2020. NY, NJ and CT require travelers from states with high coronavirus rates to quarantine for two weeks. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/24/us/new-york-coronavirus-travel-restriction/index.html
  405. Miller, Derek. June 24, 2020. Utah Leads Together 4.0 is a vision for economic renewal. (Opinion). Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/opinion/2020/6/24/21300678/utah-covid-19-pandemic-economic-task-force-revival-plan-herbert-economy (Miller is head of the Utah Coronavirus Task Force)
  406. Schott, Brian. June 24, 2020. Herbert says he's likely to grant Salt lake County's request to require masks in public. Utahpolicy.com. https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/24192-herbert-says-he-s-likely-to-grant-salt-lake-county-s-request-to-require-masks-in-public
  407. Walker, Sean. June 24, 2020. 28 faith leaders call on Utahns to wear masks to slow spread of COVID-19. KSL.com https://www.ksl.com/article/46769135/28-faith-leaders-call-on-utahns-to-wear-masks-to-slow-spread-of-covid-19
  408. ABC4News. June 25, 2020. Anti-mask protest at Capitol. ABC4News. YouTube. https://youtu.be/67Oew6aPliQ
  409. Alberty, Erin. June 25, 2020. Masks required in public for Salt Lake, Summit counties, Herbert says; Utah’s COVID-19 cases jump by 590. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/25/utahs-covid-cases-jump/
  410. Anderson, Michael. June 25, 2020. All Hands on Deck for Contact Tracing At Utah Health Departments. KSL.com. https://ksltv.com/440211/all-hands-on-deck-for-contract-tracing-at-utah-health-departments/ (Utah's Wasatch Front contact tracers are stretched thin.)

    411. July 2020

  411. CBS This Morning. July 4, 2020. President Trump faces backlash after declaring most COVID-19 cases "harmless". YouTube. https://youtu.be/xtI1T3gSomc
  412. Cutis, Larry D. June 25, 2020. June 25 data: As state leaders call for masks, 590 new COVID-19 cases, 1 death reported. KUTV2. Salt Lake City, Utah. https://kutv.com/news/coronavirus/june-25-data-utah-covid-coronavirus-deaths-new-cases
  413. Donaldson, Sahalie. June 25, 2020. Group gathers at Capitol to rally against prospect of increased coronavirus restrictions. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/25/21303713/protest-against-coronavirus-restrictions-mask-requirement-capitol-greg-hughes
  414. Gephardt, Matt. June 25, 2020. KSL Investigates: Are Shoppers Ignoring Store Requests To Cover Their Faces? KSL TV. https://ksltv.com/440202/ksl-investigates-are-shoppers-ignoring-store-requests-to-cover-their-faces/
  415. Jones, Mack. June 25, 2020. As COVID-19 numbers in Utah continue to rise, businesses are left to make their own mask policies. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/25/21301917/utah-businesses-making-own-mask-policies-covid-19-case-increase-coronavirus
  416. Nguyen, Jason. June 25, 2020. State approves face mask requirements for Salt Lake, Summit counties. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/local-news/state-approves-face-covering-requirements-for-salt-lake-summit-counties/
  417. Vejar, Alex. June 25, 2020. Utah’s governor says the coronavirus infection rate among the Hispanic community is ‘alarming’. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/06/25/utahs-governor-says/
  418. Watkins, Derek, Holder, Josh, Glanz, James, Cai, Weiyi, Carey, Benedict and White, Jeremey. June 25, 2020. How the Virus Won. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-spread.html
  419. CNBC. June 26, 2020. Dr. Anthony Fauci: Contact tracing not going well. CNBC. YouTube. https://youtu.be/b_Uq-1GSyMs?t=92
  420. NBC News. June 26, 2020. White House Coronavirus Task Force Holds Briefing. NBC News. YouTube. https://youtu.be/1fuN1Z1wE_k?t=2414. (At 40:10 min:sec.)
  421. Moyer, Melinda W. June 26, 2020. Can Covid Damage the Brain? Op. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/opinion/coronavirus-brain-damage-dementia.html
  422. MSNBC. June 26, 2020. Amid COVID-19 Surge, U.S. Stuck With ‘Same Horrible Choice’ As In Start Of Pandemic. MSNBC. YouTube. https://youtu.be/jUbY_EtNytw
  423. Face the Nation. June 28, 2020. Interview with V.P. Mike Pence. CBSNews. https://www.cbsnews.com/video/full-interview-vice-president-mike-pence-on-face-the-nation/#x (At 3:00-4:00 min. (increase in testing); 10:00 min. (reopening progress); at 12:15 min. (mask wearing) and 14:00 min. (reopeningfailure)).
  424. Haworth, Jon, Zarrell, Matt, Deliso, Meredith, and Nathanson, Matt. June 28, 2020. 7 states hit record high for new cases of COVID-19. ABC News.https://abcnews.go.com/US/coronavirus-updates-states-hit-record-high-number-cases/story?id=71497484
  425. CBS This Morning. June 29, 2020. Coronavirus cases in Florida continue to climb as more young people test positive. CBS This Morning. YouTube. https://youtu.be/L-pIrlDmzqE.
  426. CNNWire. June 29, 2020. COVID-19 vaccine might not get us the herd immunity we need, Dr. Fauci says. ABC7 News. https://abc7.com/dr-fauci-anthony-covid-vaccine-coronavirus/6280777/
  427. Webber, Tammy, McCombs, Brady and Mone, John. (Assoc. Press.) June 29, 2020. Tracking coronavirus cases proves difficult amid new surge. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/nation-world/2020/06/29/tracking-coronavirus/
  428. Fauci, A, Redfield, R. and Giroir, B. June 30, 2020. Combined HSS Opening Statement for Dr. Fauci, NIAID Director, Robert Redfield, CDC Director, Admiral Brett Giroir, Assist. Sec. for HHS, and Stephen Han, FDA Commissioner. https://www.help.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/HHS%20COVID%20testimony%20June%2030%20HELP%20Committee%20-%20clear.pdf
  429. NBC News. June 30, 2020. Live: Fauci, CDC Chief Testify On Coronavirus Response. NBC News. https://youtu.be/Yxntei45r-g
  430. Gehrke, Robert. July 1, 2020. Robert Gehrke: Utah’s hospitals can’t handle another holiday coronavirus surge. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/07/01/robert-gehrke-utahs/
  431. Burakoff, Maddie. July 1, 2020. What We Know About Herd Immunity and Coronavirus. Spectrum 1 News. San Francisco, Calif. https://www.baynews9.com/fl/tampa/news/2020/07/01/understanding-herd-immunity-and-covid-19
  432. Hall, Richard. July 2, 2020. Trump again claims coronavirus is ‘going to just disappear’ as US sees record number of new cases. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/trump-coronavirus-cases-us-fox-news-interview-today-covid-a9596631.html
  433. Spocchia, Gino. July 2, 2020. Coronavirus: All the times Trump has baselessly claimed Covid-19 would disappear. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/coronavirus-trump-us-cases-death-toll-covid-19-update-a9597421.html
  434. Winchester, Suzanne. July 2, 2020. Utah Hero Project Announces Phase One Findings. Press Release. University of Utah Hospital. https://healthcare.utah.edu/publicaffairs/news/2020/07/utah-hero-project-phase-1.php
  435. Alberty, Erin. July 3, 2020. With more than 10,000 active COVID-19 cases in Utah, doctors urge caution on holiday weekend. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/07/02/three-more-covid-deaths/
  436. Smith, David. July 4, 2020. Trump claims 99 percent of US Covid-19 cases are 'totally harmless' as infections surge. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/05/trump-claims-99-of-us-covid-19-cases-are-totally-harmless-as-infections-surge
  437. Johnson, Cort. “Long Haulers” to the Rescue? Barrage of Covid-19 Media Stories, Studies and Registries Spells Hope for ME/CFS July 5, 2020. Health Rising. https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2020/07/05/long-haulers-media-covid-19-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
  438. Rabin, Roni Caryn and Cameron, Chris. July 5, 2020. Trump Falsely Claims ‘99 Percent’ of Virus Cases Are ‘Totally Harmless’. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/05/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-factcheck.html
  439. Stracqualursi, Veronica and Westwood, Sarah. July 5, 2020. FDA commissioner refuses to defend Trump claim that 99 percent of Covid-19 cases are 'harmless'. CNN https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/05/politics/fda-commissioner-coronavirus-trump-cnntv/index.html
  440. Greenberg, Jon. July 6, 2020. Says 99 percent of COVID-19 cases “are totally harmless.” Politifact. https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/jul/06/donald-trump/donald-trumps-false-claim-99-covid-19-cases-are-ha/
  441. Gross, Elana Lyn. July 6, 2020. White House Defends Trump’s Claim That 99 Percent Of Cases Are ‘Totally Harmless’. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/elanagross/2020/07/06/white-house-defends-trumps-claim-that-99-of-cases-are-totally-harmless/#3509b3ac9e64
  442. Robertson, Lori and McDonald, Jessica. July 6, 2020. Trump’s False Claim on Coronavirus Harm. Factcheck.org. ttps://www.factcheck.org/2020/07/trumps-false-claim-on-coronavirus-harm/’>Link
  443. Wu, Nicholas. July 6, 2020. Trump, White House aide Mark Meadows downplay coronavirus risks as governors rush to contain surging cases. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/07/06/meadows-defends-trump-claim-99-percent-covid-19-cases-harmless/5382610002/
  444. CIDRAP. Accessed July 8, 2020. The Osterholm Quotes. CIDRAP. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/osterholm-quotes (Cites Dr. Osterholm's June 21, 2020 appearance on "meet the press".)
  445. Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer. July 8, 2020. School openings across globe suggest ways to keep coronavirus at bay, despite outbreaks. Science. Doi:10.1126/science.abd7107 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/school-openings-across-globe-suggest-ways-keep-coronavirus-bay-despite-outbreaks
  446. Kessler, Glenn. July 8, 2020. Trump’s claim that 99 percent of coronavirus cases are ‘totally harmless'. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/08/trumps-claim-that-99-percent-covid-9-cases-are-totally-harmless/
  447. Good Morning America. July 9, 2020. COVID-19 hotspot states urged to pause reopenings. GMA. YouTube. https://youtu.be/kYNqWGDriTI (National new daily cases exceed 62,000 per day and Arizona health care system overwhelmed.)
  448. NBC News. July 10, 2020. Texas paramedics say coronavirus has stretched them to their limits. NBC News. YouTube. https://youtu.be/R_HlR06A5Vo
  449. Rothschild, Anna. July 9, 2020. Dr. Fauci on How the U.S. is Doing and the Timeline for a COVID-19 Vaccine. Podcost. 538.com. https://fivethirtyeight.com/videos/an-interview-with-dr-anthony-fauci/ (At 1:40 to 2:45 min:sec).
  450. Winsor, Morgan and Shapiro, Emily. July 9, 2020. Coronavirus updates: Florida has 56 hospitals with no ICU beds, FEMA says. ABCNews. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/coronavirus-updates-us-records-58000-cases/story?id=71686860
  451. MSNBC. July 10, 2020. New Report Shows Virus Surge Is Driven By States That Were Among First To Reopen. MSNBC. https://youtu.be/liXkw9DCs9c
  452. NBC News. July 10, 2020. Fauci stresses global obligation in Covid-19 battle. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/video/fauci-stresses-global-obligation-in-covid-19-battle-87408197992
  453. Sullivan, Peter. July 10, 2020. Fauci on Trump claim that 99 percent of COVID-19 cases are 'harmless': 'Obviously not' The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/506719-fauci-on-trump-claim-that-99-percent-of-covid-19-cases-are-harmless
  454. UCSF School of Medicine. July 10, 2020. The State of the Pandemic, Opening the Schools, and the Outbreak at San Quentin State Prison. YouTube. https://youtu.be/yh9gmca6o_A (Comments by George Rutherford, Professor, Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics re: lag times at 27:50 min:secs).
  455. Williams, Carter. July 10, 2020. ‘We’re headed for a disaster' if COVID-19 situation doesn’t improve, Utah health experts warn. KSL.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/46775485/were-headed-for-a-disaster-if-covid-19-situation-doesnt-improve-utah-health-experts-warn
  456. Abutaleb, Yasmeen, Dawsey, Josh and McGinley, Laurie. July 11, 2020. Fauci is sidelined by the White House as he steps up blunt talk on pandemic. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/11/fauci-trump-coronavirus/
  457. MSNBC. July 12, 2020. White House Works To Discredit Dr. Fauci As Coronavirus Surges in U.S. MSNBC. https://youtu.be/eNnaDWme1Kk
  458. Blake, Aaron. July 13, 2020. The White House’s maligning of Anthony Fauci, annotated. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/13/white-houses-maligning-anthony-fauci-annotated/
  459. Nicholas, Peter and Yong, Ed. July 14, 2020. Fauci: ‘Bizarre’ White House Behavior Only Hurts the President. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/07/trump-fauci-coronavirus-pandemic-oppo/614224/
  460. Rogers, Katie. July 15, 2020. After Attacks From Trump Aides, Fauci Says ?Let's Stop This Nonsense' and Focus on Virus. New York Times.’>Link
  461. Center for Public Integrity. July 16, 2020. Exclusive: White House Document Shows 18 States in Coronvairus "Red" zone. Center for Public Integrity. Web. https://publicintegrity.org/health/coronavirus-and-inequality/exclusive-white-house-document-shows-18-states-in-coronavirus-red-zone-covid-19/ (Includes copy of July 14, 2020 White House Report.)
  462. Mandavilli, Apoorva. July 18, 2020. Older Children Spread the Coronavirus Just as Much as Adults, Large Study Finds. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/health/coronavirus-children-schools.html
  463. Schott, Bryan. July 16, 2020. White House document says Utah is in the coronavirus 'red zone' and should return to more restrictive measures. Utah Policy.com. https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/24369-white-house-document-says-utah-is-in-the-coronavirus-red-zone-and-should-return-to-more-restrictive-measures
  464. Mandavilli, Apoorva. July 18, 2020. New York Times. Older Children Spread the Coronavirus Just as Much as Adults, Large Study Finds. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/health/coronavirus-children-schools.html
  465. Baker, Peter. July 21, 2020. Trump, in a Shift, Endorses Masks and Says Virus Will Get Worse. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-masks.html
  466. CBS News. July 21, 2020. Air conditioning units could spread COVID-19, research suggests. https://www.cbsnews.com/video/air-conditioning-units-could-spread-covid-19-research-suggests/
  467. DW News. July 21, 2020. Can the coronavirus cause permanent brain damage? DW News COVID-19 Special. https://youtu.be/bwkze_7YobI
  468. Song, Lisa. and Simon, Mollie. July 21, 2020. Politicians and Business Interests Pushed Health Officials Aside to Control Reopening. Then Cases Exploded. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/politicians-and-business-interests-pushed-health-officials-aside-to-control-reopening-then-cases-exploded
  469. Harper, Steven. July 22, 2020. Anatomy of a Character Assassination: Trump Goes All-In Against Dr. Fauci. Moyers On Democracy. https://billmoyers.com/story/anatomy-of-a-character-assassination-trump-goes-all-in-against-dr-fauci/
  470. Miller, Derek B. July 22, 2020. Opinion: What the pioneers of 1847 can teach us about the pandemic of 2020. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/opinion/2020/7/22/21333213/pioneer-day-utah-what-pioneers-can-teach-us-about-the-pandemic
  471. DeVeaux, Amelia Thomson and Wiederkehr, Anna. July 23, 2020. Republicans and Democrats See COVID-19 Very Differently. Is That Making People Sick? Fivethirtyeight.com. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/republicans-and-democrats-see-covid-19-very-differently-is-that-making-people-sick/
  472. Gehrke, Robert. July 23, 2020. A peek inside Utah’s response to the coronavirus (sort of). The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/07/23/robert-gehrke-peek-inside/
  473. Edwards, Erika. July 24, 2020. CDC: One-third of COVID-19 patients who aren't hospitalized have long-term illness. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/monumental-acknowledgment-cdc-reports-long-term-covid-19-patients-n1234814
  474. New York Times. July 26, 2020. Read the Latest Federal Report on States’ Response to the Virus. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/28/us/states-report-virus-response-july-26.html
  475. Loverlace, Jr. Berkeley. July 28, 2020. Dr. Fauci on Trump criticism: ‘I have not been misleading the American public under any circumstances.' CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/28/dr-fauci-on-trump-criticism-i-have-not-been-misleading-the-american-public-under-any-circumstances.html
  476. Michaud, Josh and Kats, Jennifer. July 29, 2020. What Do We Know About Children and Coronavirus Transmission? Kaiser Health News. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/what-do-we-know-about-children-and-coronavirus-transmission/
  477. Higgins-Dunn, Noah. July 29, 2020. Dr. Fauci says kids over 9 years old can transmit the coronavirus as well as adults as some schools reopen. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/29/dr-fauci-says-kids-over-9-years-old-can-transmit-the-coronavirus-as-well-as-adults-as-some-schools-reopen.html
  478. Pilkington, Ed. July 29, 2020. Six months of Trump's Covid denials: ‘It'll go away … It’s fading’. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/29/trump-coronavirus-science-denial-timeline-what-has-he-said
  479. Svitek, Patrick and Ferman, Mitchell. July 29, 2020. Trump rallies oil and gas workers in the Permian Basin against Democrats ahead of the November election. The Texas Tribune. https://www.texastribune.org/2020/07/29/president-trump-texas-visit-oil-and-gas-permian-basin/
  480. Mandavilli, Apoorva. July 30, 2020. Children May Carry Coronavirus at High Levels, Study Finds. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/30/health/coronavirus-children.html
  481. Stracqualursi, Veronica and de Vries, Karl. July 30, 2020. Herman Cain dies from coronavirus. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/30/politics/herman-cain-dies-coronavirus/index.html
  482. Lovelace, Jr. Berkeley and Kim, Jasmine. July 31, 2020. CDC warns Congress of ‘significant public health consequences’ if schools don’t reopen in the fall. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/31/cdc-warns-congress-of-significant-public-health-consequences-if-schools-dont-reopen-in-the-fall.html
  483. USA Today. July 31, 2020. $1,200 checks? Money for schools? Breaking down what Republicans and Democrats want in the coronavirus stimulus plan. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/2020/07/31/second-coronavirus-stimulus-checks-schools-how-proposals-differ/5528514002/

    484. August 2020

  484. ABC News. August 2, 2020. White House Task Force coordinator says US has entered ‘new phase’ of pandemic. ABC News. https://youtu.be/c4yT9Wolv70
  485. NBC. August 2, 2020. Birx: Coronavirus ‘Extraordinarily Widespread,’ Americans Must Wear Masks. NBC Nightly News. https://youtu.be/8gcwfqS64HQ
  486. Bellware, Kim, Wagner, John, and O'Grady, Siobhan et al. August 3, 2020. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/03/coronavirus-covid-live-updates-us/
  487. MSNBC. August 3, 2020. Dr. Birx Warns U.S. is in New Phase Of Coronavirus. Morning Joe. MSNBC. https://youtu.be/xZhtrFrHLa8 (Midwest spread).
  488. Good Morning America. August 3, 2020. US enters 'new phase' of coronavirus pandemic. GMA. https://youtu.be/8OjXgF_kdtM
  489. Amanpour and Company. August 4, 2020. NIH Director: We Have a Very Tough Several Months Ahead. Amanpour and Company. https://youtu.be/AzbTvUXsedg
  490. Baker, Sam. August 4, 2020. Trump: Coronavirus is "under control". Axios. https://www.axios.com/trump-coronavirus-under-control-5f114a16-9952-428c-bc07-3cfa360b0977.html
  491. CNN. August 4, 2020. Watch President Trump's Axios Interview. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2020/08/04/president-trump-axios-interview-vpx.cnn
  492. Kamisar, Ben and Holzberg, Melissa. August 4, 2020. Poll: Most Americans don't trust Trump on coronavirus. Republicans don't trust CDC or Fauci. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/poll-americans-don-t-trust-trump-coronavirus-republicans-don-t-n1235680
  493. Qiu, Linda. August 4, 2020. Trump Cherry-Picks Coronavirus Data in Briefing Appearance. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/04/us/politics/coronavirus-trump-data-briefing.html
  494. WCNC. August 4, 2020. President Trump slams Dr. Birx COVID-19 prediction: 'Pathetic!' WCNC. https://youtu.be/bwJJx4r0Shw
  495. Walters, Julia and Wong, Julie C. August 5, 2020. Trump again claims Covid-19 will 'go away' as Fauci warns of long road ahead. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/05/donald-trump-covid-19-go-away
  496. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. August 6, 2020. With Old Allies Turning Against Her, Birx Presses On Against the Coronavirus. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/06/us/politics/birx-coronavirus.html.
  497. Groves, Stephan. August 8, 2020. Harleys everywhere, masks nowhere: Sturgis biker rally expected to draw 250K amid COVID-19 pandemic. ABC7News. San Francisco. https://abc7news.com/sturgis-rally-2020-south-dakota-bike-motorcycle/6361243/
  498. Kaplan, Sheila. August 10, 2020. Stephen Hahn, F.D.A. Chief, is caught between scientists and the president. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/health/stephen-hahn-fda.html
  499. Union of Concerned Scientists. August 10, 2020. White House Demands Rewriting of CDC’s COVID-19 Guidelines for Schools. Union of Concerned Scientists. https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/attacks-on-science/white-house-demands-rewriting-cdcs-covid-19-guidelines-schools
  500. Rogers, Kaleigh. August 19, 2020. When Can Schools Safely Reopen? The Answer Is Part Science, Part Guesswork.. FiveThirtyEight.com. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/when-can-schools-safely-reopen-the-answer-is-part-science-part-guesswork/ (3 to 5 percent positivity.)
  501. Yong, Ed. August 19, 2020. Long-Haulers Are Redefining COVID-19. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/08/long-haulers-covid-19-recognition-support-groups-symptoms/615382/
  502. MGH News and Public Affairs. August 20, 2020. Children’s role in spread of virus bigger than thought. The Harvard Gazette. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/08/looking-at-children-as-the-silent-spreaders-of-sars-cov-2/
  503. Hendricks, Hailey. August 25, 2020. Tooele High School senior offers a glimpse of what it’s like inside and her COVID-19 concerns. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/academics-amid-the-pandemic/tooele-high-school-senior-offers-a-glimpse-of-what-its-like-inside-and-her-covid-19-concerns/
  504. Branswell, Helen and Sheridan, Kate. August 26, 2020. New Covid-19 testing guidelines, crafted at the White House, alarm public health experts. STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/26/new-covid19-testing-guidelines-crafted-at-white-house-alarm-public-health-experts/
  505. Moser, Ashley. August 27, 2020. Teachers Rally For Change After Spike in COVID-19 Cases In Summit County. KSL TV. https://ksltv.com/444245/summit-county/
  506. Abutaleb, Yasmeen and Dawsey, Josh. August 31, 2020. New Trump pandemic adviser pushes controversial ‘herd immunity’ strategy, worrying public health officials. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-coronavirus-scott-atlas-herd-immunity/2020/08/30/925e68fe-e93b-11ea-970a-64c73a1c2392_story.html
  507. Curtis, Larry D. August 31, 2020. Pleasant Grove HS to close, move to modified schedule because of COVID-19 outbreak. KUTV2 News. https://kutv.com/news/coronavirus/pleasant-grove-hs-to-close-move-to-modified-schedule-because-of-covid-19-outbreak
  508. Lippman, Mark. August 31, 2020. HHS bids 250 million USD contract meant to 'defeat despair and inspire hope' on coronavirus. Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/31/hhs-contract-coronavirus-despair-hope-406361
  509. Ollstein, Alice M. August 31, 2020. White House privately warned states of Covid-19 ‘red zone’ threat, records show. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/31/white-house-warned-red-zones-406211
  510. Smith, Tracy. August 31, 2020. COVID-19 cases cause Pleasant Grove High School to move to a modified schedule. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/the-alpine-school-district-moves-pleasant-grove-high-school-to-modified-schedule-now-counts-employees-with-covid-19/

    511. September 2020

  511. Johnson, Emma. September 1, 2020. Draper school closed due to COVID-19 outbreak. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/top-stories/draper-school-closed-due-to-covid-19-outbreak/
  512. Martinez, Felicia. September 1, 2020. Utah County School Preps For Hybrid Schedule After Rise In COVID-19 Cases. KSL TV News. https://ksltv.com/444501/teachers-at-pleasant-grove-high-prepare-to-move-to-hybrid-schedule/
  513. Tanner, Courtney. September 1, 2020. Draper charter is first to close after COVID-19 outbreak; Utah Military Academy follows. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2020/09/01/draper-charter-school/
  514. Stevens, Taylor. September 5, 2020. Utah coronavirus patients experience long-term effects from COVID-19. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/09/06/utah-coronavirus-patients/
  515. Dean, Tania. September 7, 2020. Large parties held in Provo as COVID-19 on the rise at BYU. KSL.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/50014757/large-parties-held-in-provo-as-covid-19-on-the-rise-at-byu
  516. Costa, Robert and Rucker, Philip. September 9, 2020. Woodward book: Trump says he knew coronavirus was ‘deadly’ and worse than the flu while intentionally misleading Americans. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bob-woodward-rage-book-trump/2020/09/09/0368fe3c-efd2-11ea-b4bc-3a2098fc73d4_story.html
  517. Thompson, Emma, Assoc. Press. September 9, 2020. More than half a million children in the U.S. have had COVID-19. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1239554
  518. Hamel, Liz, Kearney, Audrey, Krizinger, Ashley, Lopes, Lunna, Muñana, Cailey, and Brodie, Mollyann. September 10, 2020. KFF Health Tracking Poll - September 2020: Top Issues in 2020 Election, The Role of Misinformation, and Views on A Potential Coronavirus Vaccine. Kaiser Health News. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/report/kff-health-tracking-poll-september-2020/
  519. Subramanianm, September 10, 2020. Three times Trump told Woodward one thing and the public something else. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/10/politics/trump-woodward-fact-check/index.html
  520. Rodgers, Bethany. September 12, 2020. Despite COVID-19 outbreak, Corner Canyon High to keep meeting in person. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2020/09/12/corner-canyon-high-shifts/
  521. Bote, Joshua, ad Will, K. Sophie. September 14, 2020. Hundreds turned out for anti-mask protest in Utah, which is being mocked as 'a straight parody' on social media. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/09/14/st-george-utah-anti-mask-protest-social-media/5799567002/ (Includes embedded Abc4News Utah video report).
  522. Cortez, Marjorie. September 16, 2020. After multiple COVID-19 cases, Riverton High to close for deep cleaning, Deseret News. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/9/16/21440643/utah-covid-19-quarantine-riverton-high-school-coronavirus-cases
  523. Roberts, Alyssa. September 16, 2020. COVID-19 cases could send Riverton High School into quarantine. KUTV2 News. https://kutv.com/news/coronavirus/covid-19-cases-could-send-riverton-high-school-into-quarantine
  524. Riverton High School. Sept. 17, 2020. Facebook Post re cleaning closure. Facebook. Message Id. https://www.facebook.com/RivertonHighSchool/posts/3260016910712622
  525. Cortez, Marjorie. September 18, 2020. Corner Canyon High School to move online amid mounting coronavirus cases. KSL News. https://www.ksl.com/article/50019068/corner-canyon-high-school-to-move-online-amid-mounting-coronavirus-cases
  526. Cromblehome, Halyley. September 18, 2020. Corner Canyon High School teacher in ICU fighting COVID-19. KUTV2 News. https://kutv.com/news/local/corner-canyon-high-school-teacher-in-icu-fighting-covid-19
  527. Hellman, Jessie. September 18, 2020. CDC reverses guidance on COVID-19 testing for asymptomatic people. The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/517091-cdc-reverses-guidance-on-covid-19-testing-for-asymptomatic-people
  528. Means, Sean. September 18, 2020. Breaking down Utah’s alarming coronavirus spike. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/09/18/breaking-down-utahs/
  529. Walker, Sean. September 18, 2020. Timpanogos High to close Monday as another Alpine school shifts to hybrid schedule. KLS.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/50019110/timpanogos-high-to-close-monday-as-another-alpine-school-shifts-to-hybrid-schedule
  530. Vejar, Alex. Sept. 20, 2020. Skyline-Brighton football game canceled after players test positive for COVID-19. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/sports/2020/09/20/skyline-brighton-football/
  531. Cortez, Marjorie. September 21, 2020. Olympus High School community a COVID-19 ‘hot spot,’ email to families says. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/9/21/21449258/utah-covid-olympus-high-school-outbreak-hot-spot
  532. Canyons School District. September 22, 2020. Alta, Brighton High School Go Online for 14 Days After COVID-19 Uptick. Press Release. Brighton High School, Canyons School District. https://bhs.canyonsdistrict.org/ (Alta girls soccer team continues to play a game on Sept. 25, 2020).
  533. Gresseth, Curt. September 22, 2020. Student challenges Davis School District plans to return to class. KSL.com News. https://www.ksl.com/article/50020358/student-challenges-davis-school-district-plans-to-return-to-class
  534. Kurtz, Judy. September 22, 2020. Woodward: Historians examining the Trump era will ask 'What the F happened to America?'. https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/517535-woodward-historians-examining-the-trump-era-will-ask-what-the-f
  535. Roberts, Alyssa. September 22, 2020. Jordan School Board rules on district policy for quarantining schools with COVID-19 cases. KUTV2 News. https://kutv.com/news/coronavirus/jordan-school-board-rules-on-district-policy-for-quarantining-schools-with-covid-19-cases
  536. Cortez, Marjorie. September 23, 2020. Davis district to hold more in-person classes; other schools reduce face-to-face days. KSL.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/50020641/davis-district-to-hold-in-person-class-4-days-weekly-as-more-utah-schools-navigate-learning-amid-covid-19
  537. Miller, Derek. September 23, 2020. Opinion: Utah’s economic recovery has already begun. Let’s not slow it down. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/opinion/2020/9/23/21452453/utah-economy-covid-19-recovery-plan-small-business
  538. Stauffer, McKenzie. September 23, 2020. Three high schools in Alpine School District move to hybrid schedule. KUTV 2 News. https://kutv.com/news/local/3-high-schools-in-alpine-school-district-move-to-hybrid-schedule
  539. Tanner, Courtney. September 23, 2020. Two more Utah high schools — Granger and Olympus — close because of COVID-19 outbreaks. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2020/09/23/two-more-utah-high/ (This is a good summary article.)
  540. Wells, David. September 23, 2020. Three Alpine School District high schools to move to hybrid schedules. Fox 13 News. https://www.fox13now.com/news/coronavirus/local-coronavirus-news/three-alpine-school-district-schools-to-move-to-hybrid-schedules
  541. ABC4News. September 24, 2020. Doctors see a 240 percent increase of COVID-19 cases in 15 to 24-year-olds since August 31st. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/doctors-see-a-240-percent-increase-of-covid-19-cases-in-15-to-24-year-olds-since-august-31st/
  542. Cortez, Marjorie. Sept. 24, 2020. Canyons District’s Draper Park Middle School to temporarily close, shift to online learning. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/9/24/21455024/covid-draper-canyons-district-draper-online-middle-school
  543. Park City School District. Accessed Sept. 24, 2020. Park City School District Reopening FAQ. Park City School District. https://www.parkcityschools.org/
  544. Roe, Gina. September 24, 2020. Students 'disgusted' as peers hold homecoming parties without masks or distancing KUTV2 News. https://kutv.com/news/coronavirus/students-disgusted-as-peers-hold-homecoming-parties-without-masks-or-distancing
  545. Saunders, Richard G. September 24, 2020. Utah Department of Health Public Order 2020-14 Updating the Utah Covid-19 Level of Restriction. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Health/UPHO-2020-14-Level-of-Restrictions.pdf
  546. Utah Public Broadcasting Service. September 24, 2020. Utah's Governor's Monthly Press Conference. Facebook. PBS. https://www.facebook.com/pbsutah/videos/1056530024766839
  547. Alberty, Erin. September 25, 2020. Utah reports another record high number of new coronavirus cases, with 1,411 on Friday. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/09/25/utah-reports-another/
  548. Schirrig, Lisa. September 25, 2020. U.S. Covid-19 cases top 7 million. CIDRAP Daily News. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/09/us-covid-19-cases-top-7-million
  549. High School Sports. September 26, 2020. Scores, stats, videos and pictures: High school football roundup for Friday, Sept. 25. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/sports/2020/9/25/21457068/scores-stats-videos-and-pictures-high-school-football-roundup-for-friday-sept-25
  550. Jag, Julie. September 27, 2020. Utah high schools’ spike in COVID-19 cases blamed on parties, extracurriculars. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/09/27/utah-high-schools-spike/
  551. Walden, Eric. September 27, 2020. Coronavirus in Utah: State above 1,000 new cases for the fourth straight day; five new deaths. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/09/27/coronavirus-utah-state/
  552. Mazzetti, Mark., Weiland, Noah. and LaFraniere, Sharon. September 28, 2020. Behind the White House Effort to Pressure the C.D.C. on School Openings. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/28/us/politics/white-house-cdc-coronavirus-schools.html
  553. Reuters. September 28, 2020. New adviser giving Trump bad information on virus, top U.S. officials say. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-cdc/new-adviser-giving-trump-bad-information-on-virus-top-us-officials-say-idUSKBN26J21A
  554. Williams, Carter. September 30, 2020. Salt Lake City School District responds to Cox jab on remote learning. KSL.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/50023449/salt-lake-city-school-district-responds-to-cox-jab-on-remote-learning
  555. ABC4News. September 30, 2020. Study: Utah a top 10 worst state for unsafe school reopening. ABC4News. https://www.abc4.com/news/utah-ranks-43-out-of-50-on-2020s-safest-states-for-schools-to-reopen/
  556. Anderson, Mike. September 30, 2020. KSL.com. https://www.ksl.com/article/50023054/u-of-u-researchers-studying-long-term-effects-of-covid-19-on-heart
  557. McKellar, Katie. September 30, 2020. Audit: Utah leaders were unprepared for pandemic with ‘unclear chain of command’. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/9/30/21495423/utah-audit-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic-auditor-dougall-state-health-department

    558. October 2020

  558. Collins, Kaitlan, Liptak, Kevin. Klein, Betsy, Acosta, J. and LeBlanc, Paul. October 1, 2020 11:00 pm MDT. President Donald Trump tweets he and first lady Melania Trump test positive for Covid-19. https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/01/politics/hope-hicks-positive-coronavirus/index.html
  559. Aleccia, JoNel. October 2, 2020. Thousands of Minks Dead as COVID Outbreak Escalates on Utah Farms. Kaiser Health News. https://khn.org/news/thousands-of-minks-dead-as-covid-outbreak-escalates-on-utah-farms/

    560. Author-Date Journal Articles, Reports, Books and Other Documents

    ---

  560. ____. Posse Comitatus Act of 1878. 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1385. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1385
  561. ____. The Espionage Act of 1917. Text of. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3904
  562. ____. The Sedition Act of 1918. Text of. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3903
  563. ____. 42 U.S. Code Sec. 247d. Public health emergencies. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/247d
  564. ____. 42 U.S.Code Sec. 264 (2019). Public health emergencies. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/264
  565. ____. 50 U.S. Code. Sec. 1621 (1976). Declaration of national emergency by President; publication in Federal Register; effect on other laws; superseding legislation. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/1621
  566. ____. 42 C.F.R. Sec. 70.2. Measures in the event of inadequate local control. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/part-70
  567. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 26-25-1 et seq. Authority to provide data on treatment and condition of persons to designated agencies -- Immunity from liability. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title26/Chapter25/26-25-S1.html?v=C26-25-S1_1800010118000101
  568. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 26-25-2 (2008). Restrictions on use of data. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title26/Chapter25/26-25-S2.html?v=C26-25-S2_1800010118000101
  569. ____. Utah Code Ann. 53-2c-103. Relation to other provisions. Effect. April 17, 2020. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53/Chapter2C/53-2c-S103.html
  570. ____. Utah Code Ann. 59-2a-209. Orders, rules, and regulations having force of law -- Filing requirements -- Suspension of state agency rules -- Suspension of enforcement of certain statutes during a state of emergency. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53/Chapter2A/53-2a-S209.html
  571. ____. Utah Code Ann. 76-8-317. Refusal to comply with order to evacuate or other orders issued in a local or state emergency -- Penalties. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter8/76-8-S317.html?v=C76-8-S317_1800010118000101
  572. ____. Utah Code Ann. 78B-4-517. Immunity related to COVID-19 (May 4, 2020). https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter4/78B-4-S517.html
  573. ____, Utah Communicable Disease Control Act, Utah Code. Ann. Title 26, Chapters and 6b. 2015. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title26/26.html
  574. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 52-4-101 et seq (2018). Utah Open and Public Meetings Act. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title52/Chapter4/52-4-S206.html?v=C52-4-S206_2018050820180508
  575. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 53-2a-101 et seq. Utah Emergency Management Act (2020). https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53/Chapter2A/53-2a-S102.html?v=C53-2a-S102_2020051220200512
  576. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 67-1-2.5. Executive Boards -- Database -- Governor's Review of new boards. (To be superceded Jan. 1, 2021). https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title67/Chapter1/67-1-S2.5.html?v=C67-1-S2.5_2020051220200512
  577. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 67-1-4 (1953). Records to be kept. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title67/Chapter1/67-1-S4.html?v=C67-1-S4_1800010118000101
  578. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 63G-2-101 et seq (2015). Utah Government Records Access and Management Act (GRAMA). https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title63G/Chapter2/63G-2.html?v=C63G-2_1800010118000101
  579. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 63G-2-305 (2020). Protected Records. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title63G/Chapter2/63G-2-S305.html?v=C63G-2-S305_2020051220200512
  580. ____. Utah Code Ann. Sec. 63G-2-703 (2015). Applicability [of GRAMA] to the Legislature. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title63G/Chapter2/63G-2-S703.html?v=C63G-2-S703_2015051220150512
  581. ___. Utah Health and Economic Response Act, S.B. 3004, codified as Utah Code. Ann. Sec. 53-2c-101. April 17, 2020. https://le.utah.gov/~2020S3/bills/static/SB3004.html
  582. ____. Covid-19 Provisions, S.B. 3007, codified as Utah Code. Ann. 78B-4-517. Immunity related to COVID-19. May 4, 2020. https://le.utah.gov/~2020S3/bills/static/SB3007.html
  583. ____. Budget Balancing and Coronavirus Relief Appropriations Adjustments. S.B. 5001, passed June 18, 2020. https://le.utah.gov/~2020S5/bills/static/SB5001.html
  584. _____, Covid-19 Immunity Provisions. June 18, 2020. 2020 Senate Bill 5003. https://le.utah.gov/~2020S5/bills/static/SB5003.html

    585. a

  585. Abbott, B.W., Greenhalgh, M., St. Clair, S. I. and Bush, J. July 25, 2020. Making sense of the research on COVID-19 and masks. Whitepaper. Brigham Young University. https://brightspotcdn.byu.edu/7b/e7/75df64714f30a59c1ba7766a1c00/byu-covid-masks-abbott.pdf
  586. Abbott, B.W., Chaston, J.M., Bush, J., Sloan, C, Poole, B., Greenhalgh, M. St. Clair, S. I., Moon, H., Gudmundsen, J. Gottfredson, S., Errigo I.M. and Lemmon, S. August 11, 2020, updated August 22, 2020. Making sense of the research on COVID-19 and school reopenings. Whitepaper. Brigham Young University. https://pws.byu.edu/making-sense-of-the-research-on-covid-19-and-school-reopenings
  587. Al-Samkari, H, Karp Leaf, R.S., Dzik, W. H., Carlson, J.C.T., Fogerty, A.E. et al. July 23, 2020. COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood 2020; 136 (4): 489–500. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020006520
  588. Alpine School District August 2020. Reopening Plan. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1U_1gfPp5Tf7fAUf2BLE7WRrS-2h-gPk4-1vKgmx6eg4/edit
  589. American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Assoc. July 30, 2020. Children and Covid-19: State Data Report. https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%207.30.20%20FINAL.pdf
  590. American Association of Pediatricians, Amercian Associaion of School Administrators, and National Federation of Teachers Joint Statement of July 10, 2020. https://aasa.org/content.aspx?id=44855
  591. American Public Health Association. January 1919. A Working Program Against Influenza Prepared by an Editorial Committee of the American Public Health Association from Discussions Presented at the Meeting of the Association Held in Chicago, Illinois, December 9-12, 1918.Statement dated December 13, 1918. American Journal of Public Health. 9(1); 1919, 1-13. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.9.1.1
  592. Anand, S., Montez-Rath, M., Han, J., Bozeman, J. Kerschmnn, R. and Beyer P. et al. September 25, 2020. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a large nationwide sample of patients on dialysis in the USA: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. Online. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32009-2
  593. Arizona Department of Health Services. August 6, 2020. Safely Returning to In-Person Instruction. Web. https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/preparedness/epidemiology-disease-control/infectious-disease-epidemiology/novel-coronavirus/covid-19-safely-return-to-in-person-instruction.pdf
  594. Argente, D. Chang-Tai H, and Lee, M. May 2020. The Cost of Privacy: Welfare Effects of the Disclosure of Covid-19 Cases. Working Paper No. 2020-64. Becker Friedman Institute for Economics, University of Chicago. https://www.nber.org/papers/w27220
  595. Aronson, J. K., Brassey, and Mahtani, K. R. April 14, 2020. “When will it be over?”: An introduction to viral reproduction numbers, R0 and Re. Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/when-will-it-be-over-an-introduction-to-viral-reproduction-numbers-r0-and-re/ (Figure 4 compares r(0) for Covid-19 with other major infectious diseases.)
  596. Arrington, Leonard J. 1990. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 in Utah. Utah Historical Quarterly. 58(2):165-182. https://issuu.com/utah10/docs/uhq_volume58_1990_number2

    597. b

  597. Barry, John M. 2005. The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History. New York, New York: Penguin.’>Link
  598. Brennan Center for Justice. September 4, 2019. A Guide to Emergency Powers and Their Use. Whitepaper. https://web.archive.org/web/20200401070744/<a
  599. Bootsma, M. and Ferguson, N. April 2007. The effect of public health measures on the 1918 influenza pandemic in US cities. PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611071104 https://www.pnas.org/content/104/18/7588
  600. Bristow, Nancy. K. 2012. American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic. Oxford Univ. Press.’>Link
  601. Brigham Young University Study FAQ - https://benabbo.blogspot.com/2020/07/faqs-about-covid-19-and-masks-study.html
  602. Burton, Jeff. Accessed May 22, 2020. Facebook homepage. Jeff Burton for House. https://www.facebook.com/ElectJeffBurton/

    603. c

  603. California Department of Public Health. Accessed Sept. 8, 2020. Blueprint for a Safer Economy. Web app. https://covid19.ca.gov/safer-economy/
  604. Canyons School District. Reopening Plan. August 2020 https://www.canyonsdistrict.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/School-Opening-Planning-Requirements-Recommendations-for-K-12.pdf
  605. Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group. July 9, 2020. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324(6):603–605. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12603 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2768351
  606. Cater, Benjamin M. 2012. Health, Medicine, and Power in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Thesis. Marriott Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6d512sg
  607. Cater, Benjamin M. 2014. Segregating Sanitation in Salt Lake City, 1870-1915. Utah Historical Quarterly, 82(4): 92-113. http://heritage.utah.gov/history/quarterly
  608. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 15, 1999. Milton J. Rosenau, M.D. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 48(40):907. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4840b1.htm
  609. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated January 3, 2020. Vaccine Effectiveness: How Well Do the Flu Vaccines Work? Web. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm
  610. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated February 21, 2020. CDC Seasonal Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Studies. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/effectiveness-studies.htm
  611. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 3, 2020. Recommendation Regarding the Use of Cloth Face Coverings, Especially in Areas of Significant Community-Based Transmission. CDC Covid-19 Guidance. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover.html
  612. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 3, 2020. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep, 2020(69):382-386. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2externalicon
  613. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed April 17 2020. 2019-2020 U.S. Flu Season: Preliminary Burden Estimates. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/preliminary-in-season-estimates.htm
  614. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 14, 2020. Draft Guidance for Implementing the Opening America Up Again Framework. Web. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/13/politics/cdc-draft-reopening-guidelines/index.html
  615. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 19, 2020. CDC Activities and Initiatives Supporting the COVID-19 Response and the President’s Plan for Opening America Up Again. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/php/CDC-Activities-Initiatives-for-COVID-19-Response.pdf
  616. Centers for Disease Control. May 20, 2020. COVID-19 Pandemic Planning Scenarios. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/planning-scenarios-archive/planning-scenarios-2020-05-20.pdf
  617. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 22, 2020. People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html
  618. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 23, 2020. Interim Guidelines for COVID-19 Antibody Testing. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antibody-tests-guidelines.html
  619. Centers for Disease Control. May 27, 2020. Implementation of Mitigation Strategies for Communities with Local COVID-19 Transmission. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/community-mitigation.html
  620. Centers for Disease Control. May 27, 2020. Interim Considerations for K-12 School Administrators for SARS-CoV-2 Testing. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/k-12-testing.html
  621. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 20, 2020 accessed June 26, 2020. Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid19/excess_deaths.htm (csv files by cause of death and by age).
  622. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 28, 2020. Clinical Questions about COVID-19: Questions and Answers. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html
  623. Centers for Disease Control. June 30, 2020. Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html
  624. Centers for Disease Control. July 10, 2020. COVID-19 Pandemic Planning Scenarios. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/planning-scenarios.html
  625. Centers for Disease Control. July 23, 2020. The Importance of Reopening America’s Schools this Fall. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/reopening-schools.html
  626. Centers for Disease Control. August 8, 2020. A Weekly Summary of U.S. Covid-19 Hospitalization Data by Hospitalization by Percent. Chart. Covid-Net, CDC. https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_5.html
  627. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed August 16, 2020. FluView - 2019-2020 season. Graph. CDC. https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/fluview/fluportaldashboard.html
  628. Centers for Disease Control. Accessed August 18, 2020. Cases in U.S. Web. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html
  629. Centers for Disease Control. Updated August 26, 2020. Preparing K-12 School Administrators for a Safe Return to School in Fall 2020. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/prepare-safe-return.html ("Evidence from schools internationally suggests that school re-openings are safe in communities with low SARS-Cov-2 transmission rates" citing Couzin-Frankel).
  630. Centers for Disease Control. Accessed August 31, 2020. Weekly Updates by Select Demographic and Geographic Characteristics Provisional Death Counts for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid_weekly/index.htm?fbclid=IwAR3-wrg3tTKK5-9tOHPGAHWFVO3DfslkJ0KsDEPQpWmPbKtp6EsoVV2Qs1Q
  631. Centers for Disease Control. September 16, 2020. Indicators for Dynamic School Decision-Making. CDC. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/indicators.html
  632. Center for Public Safety and Justice, Univ. of Illnois at Chicago. April 2015. Organizational Change through Decision Making and Policy: A New Procedural Justice Course for Managers and Supervisors. COPS 8(4). https://cops.usdoj.gov/html/dispatch/04-2015/a_new_procedural_justice_course.asp
  633. Cheng V.C., Wong S.C., Chuang V.W., et al. April 23, 2020. The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2. J. Infect. 2020;S0163-4453(20)30235-8. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.024’>Link
  634. Clyburn, James E., U.S. House Rep. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis. July 29, 2020. Letter to Vice President Michael R. Pence and Dr. Deborah L. Brix requesting document of production of the Weekly White House Report to Governors. https://coronavirus.house.gov/sites/democrats.coronavirus.house.gov/files/2020-07-29.Clyburn%20to%20WH%20re%20State%20Task%20Force%20Recommendations.pdf
  635. Cohen, Jon. Mar. 27, 2020. Not wearing masks to protect against coronavirus is a ‘big mistake,’ top Chinese scientist says. Science. doi:10.1126/science.abb9368 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/not-wearing-masks-protect-against-coronavirus-big-mistake-top-chinese-scientist-says
  636. Correia, Sergio and Luck, Stephan and Verner, Emil (Federal Reserve Bank). March 30, 2020. Pandemics Depress the Economy, Public Health Interventions Do Not: Evidence from the 1918 Flu. Whitepaper. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3561560 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561560
  637. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. July 12, 2020. Proposed Investigation-Reporting Thresholds and Outbreak Definition for COVID-19 in Educational Settings. Web. https://preparedness.cste.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Educational-Outbreak-Definition.pdf
  638. Covid Symptom Study. Accessed August 30, 2020. Home page. https://covid.joinzoe.com/us-2
  639. COVID-19 Body Politic Slack Group. May 11, 2020. An Analysis of the Prolonged COVID-19 Symptoms Survey by Patient-Led Research Team. https://patientresearchcovid19.com
  640. Covid-19 Recovery Awareness. Accessed August 30, 2002. Covid-19 Research and Survey Findings. Web. https://www.c19recoveryawareness.com/research
  641. Covid-19 Recovery Awareness. Accessed September 5, 2020. List of Covid-19 Recovery Studies. https://www.c19recoveryawareness.com/
  642. Covid-19 Tracking.com. Accessed July 5, 2020. Utah Time Series for Tests, Infections, Recoveries, Deaths and Hospitalizations. https://covidtracking.com/api/v1/states/ut/daily.csv
  643. Covid-19 Tracking Project. Accessed July 5, 2020. United States National Covid-19 State Time Series for Tests, Infections, Recoveries, Deaths and Hospitalizations. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/COVID19Tracking/covid-tracking-data/master/data/us_daily.csv.
  644. Crosby, Alfred W. 1989. America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.’>Link

    645. d

  645. Dave, D., Friedson, A. J., McNichols, D. and Sabia, J. L. September 2020. The Contagion Externality of a Superspreading Event: The Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and COVID-19. IZA Institute for Labor Economics. Working Papers IZA DP No. 13670. http://ftp.iza.org/dp13670.pdf
  646. David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah. June 26, 2020. COVID-19 Update: Utah HERO Project Results. YouTube. https://youtu.be/1MLVb26qfEI
  647. Davies, N.G., Klepac, P., Yang L., Prem, K. Jit. M, for CMMID COVID-19 working group. March 24, 2020. Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Preprint. medRxiv 2020.03.24.20043018; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20043018 Published in Nature Medicine doi: 10.1038 s41591-020-0962-9
  648. Davis County School. Undated Reopening Plan. District. https://www.davis.k12.ut.us/departments/risk-management/covid19
  649. Derrick, J.L. and Gomersall, C.D. January 26, 2005. Protecting healthcare staff from severe acute respiratory syndrome: filtration capacity of multiple surgical masks. J. Hosp. Infect. 59(4):365-368. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.10.013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114845/
  650. Dost, B.C. and Lyon, A.B., October 12, 1918. Face Masks in Infections of the Respiratory Tract. JAMA. 71(15):1216-1219. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.26020410011008c https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/219248
  651. Dougall, John, Wrigley, Julie M. and Plastow, Tyson. September 30, 2020. Limited Review of State Emergency Procurements and Emergency Response: Special Project for the period March 6, 2020 to May 7, 2020. Report No. GOV-20-SP. https://reporting.auditor.utah.gov/servlet/servlet.FileDownload?file=0151K0000041R3qQAE
  652. Dubois, Janet Cannon. December 17, 2017. War and Disease: The Politics of Public Health in the State of Utah during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic. Thesis: MA, History. University of Colorado. http://digital.auraria.edu/content/AA/00/00/69/27/00001/AA00006927_00001.pdf
  653. Dunn, Angela Dr. June 19, 2020. Internal Memorandum titled "UDOH Covid Brief". Utah Department of Health. https://kslnewsradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UDOH-COVID-Brief-June-19-1.pdf

    654. e

  654. Eckman. James. July 1966. Edward Carl Rosenow, M.D.: 1875-1966, American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 46(1):123-124, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/46.1.123
  655. EDC Utah. May 19, 2020. COVID-19 Business Impact Survey Results. https://ewscripps.brightspotcdn.com/ac/e4/87887b474996be7073cc34dd11db/covid-19-business-impact-survey-v2.pdf
  656. Eichenbaumz, M S., Rebelox, S., and Trabandt, M. April 10, 2020. The Macroeconomics of Epidemics. Working Papers. Northwestern University of NBER. Working Paper. https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/rebelo/htm/epidemics.pdf
  657. Eikenberry, S.E., Mancuso M., Iboi E, et al. To mask or not to mask: April 21, 2020. Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Infect Dis Model. 2020(5):293-308. doi:10.1016/j.idm.2020.04.001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355904/
  658. Endcoronavirus.org. Accessed May 18, 2020. Some are winning - Some are Not. Which Countries are beating Covid-19? https://www.endcoronavirus.org/ (Use menu option titled "Facts and Figures - US States".)
  659. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. June 30, 2020 updated August 10, 2020. "Transmission by Children." In Transmission of Covid-19. ECDC. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. June 30, 2020 updated August 19, 2020. Bibliography to "Transmission of Covid-19." https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19-references-transmission-19-08-2020.pdf
  660. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. June 30, 2020 updated August 19, 2020. Bibliography to "Transmission of Covid-19." https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19-references-transmission-19-08-2020.pdf
  661. Eyler, J.M. Oct. 2009. The Fog of Research: Influenza Vaccine Trials during the 1918-19 Pandemic, J. of the History of Med. and Allied Sc. 64(4):401-428, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrp013
  662. Eyler, J.M. 2010. The state of science, microbiology, and vaccines circa 1918. Public Health Rep. 125(Suppl 3):27-36. doi:10.1177/00333549101250S306 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862332/

    663. f

  663. Faust, S.N., Munro, A.P.S. September 25, 2020. Editorial: It’s Time to Put Children and Young People First During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4582 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2771180

    664. g

  664. Gaddis, John Lewis. The Landscape of History: How Historians Map the Past. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2004.’>Link
  665. Garrett, Thomas A.. October 2007. War and Pestilence as Labor Market Shocks: U.S. Manufacturing Wage Growth 1914-1919. FRB of St. Louis Working Paper No. 2006-018. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1024278
  666. Garrett, Thomas A. November 2007. Economic Effects of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. https://www.stlouisfed.org/~/media/files/pdfs/community-development/research-reports/pandemic_flu_report.pdf
  667. Gladstone, Brook. May 22, 2020. John Barry Interview. In _Mourning in America_. NPR. 31:00-50:00. https://www.npr.org/podcasts/452538775/on-the-media
  668. Gladwell, Malcolm. July 22, 2014. On The Virtues of Obnoxiousness. The New Yorker Festival. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPsfgEk00kU&feature=youtu.be&t=1215 and at ‘https://youtu.be/xPsfgEk00kU?t=1408
  669. Good, Michael Dr. July 28, 2020. University of Utah Health Coronavirus Update. Univ. of Utah. YouTube. https://youtu.be/aCIOarRKPFk
  670. Good, Michael Dr. September 8, 2020. Dr. Michael Good COVID-19 Update September 8th, 2020. Univ. of Utah. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Z0wcYEuqPvA (At 4:40 min:sec).
  671. Good, Michael Dr. September 22, 2020. Dr. Michael Good COVID-19 Update. Univ. of Utah. YouTube. https://youtu.be/uB6Zfafdwjg
  672. Google Corp. Downloaded June 19, 2020. Covid-19 Community Mobility Report - Utah. https://www.gstatic.com/covid19/mobility/2020-06-14_US_Utah_Mobility_Report_en.pdf
  673. Granite School District. July 2020. Accessed Sept. 8, 2002. School Reopening Requirements Template. https://cdn-59bd6cf5f911c923e82ee0ee.closte.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/School-Reopening-Requirements-Template.pdf
  674. Granite District Covid-19 Spreadsheet. Accessed September 5, 2020. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1gyYokXmas6pxrRSGrfZaH6Yt8Ka4ya7RXPLGhrgg66E/view
  675. Guthrie, B. L., Tordoff, D. M., Meisner, J. , Tolentino, L. and Wenwen, J. et al. Updated July 6, 2020. Summary of School Re-Opening Models and Implementation Approaches During the COVID 19 Pandemic. Global Health Institute, University of Washington. https://globalhealth.washington.edu/sites/default/files/COVID-19%20Schools%20Summary%20%28updated%29.pdf

    676. h

  676. Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., and Latzman, R. D. April 27, 2020. Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1:14. Pre-print. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5
  677. Harte, John. 1988, 1st Ed. Consider a Spherical Cow: A Course in Environmental Problem Solving. Sausalito, Calif.: University Science Books.’>Link
  678. Harvard Global Health Institute. July 21, 2020. The Path to Zero and Schools: Achieving Pandemic Resilient Teaching and Learning. Web. https://globalepidemics.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/pandemic_resilient_schools_briefing_72020.pdf
  679. Hatchett, R. J., Mecher, C.E., Lipsitch, M. May 2007. Public health interventions and epidemic intensity during the 1918 influenza pandemic. PNAS. 104(18):7582-7587; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610941104 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17684187
  680. Heald-Sargent T., Muller W.J., Zheng X., Rippe, J., Patel A.B., and Kociolek L.K.. July 30, 2020. Age-Related Differences in Nasopharyngeal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Levels in Patients With Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Pediatr. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3651 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2768952
  681. Herbert, Gary R. March 6, 2020. Executive Order dated March 6, 2020. https://rules.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/Utah-Executive-Order-No.-2020-1.pdf
  682. Herbert, Gary R. March 6, 2020. Executive Order dated March 27, 2020. https://rules.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/Governors_Coronavirus_Directive_for_Utah.pdf
  683. Herbert, Gary R. May 27, 2020. Executive Order dated May 27, 2020. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Executive_Order_Updated_Health_Risk_Status_Phases_Guidelines.pdf
  684. Herbert, Gary R., Governor. March 27, 2020. The Governor's Coronavirus Directive for Utah "Stay Safe, Stay Home." https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Stay%20At%20Home%20Declaration%201.pdf
  685. Herbert, Gary R., Governor. April 29, 2020. Executive Order Moving the State Covid-19 Public Health Risk from Red (High) to Orange (Moderate). Executive Order 2020-19. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Executive%20Order%20Moving%20from%20Red%20To%20Orange.pdf
  686. Herbert, Gary R., Governor. May 15, 2020. Executive Order Moving the Utah Covid-19 Public Health Risk Status to Yellow with Exceptions. Executive Order 2020-22. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Executive_Order_Moving_State_Health_Risk_to_Yellow_With_Exceptions.pdf
  687. Herbert, Gary R. Governor. June 12, 2020. Executive Order Updating the Utah COVID-19 Health Risk Status in Certain Areas and Adopting Version 4.6 of the Phased Guidelines. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Exectuive_Order_Updating_Health_Risk_Status_in_Certain_Areas_and_Adopting_Updated_Guidelines.pdf
  688. Herbert, Gary R. Governor. June 12, 2020. Why Utahns Should Wear a Facemask. Press Release. https://governor.utah.gov/2020/06/12/why-utahns-should-wear-a-facemask/
  689. Herbert, Gary R. June 17, 2020. Executive Order dated June 17, 2020 Updating the Utah Covid-19 Health Risk Status in Certain Counties. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Exectuive-Order-Updating-the-Utah-COVID-19-Health-Risk-Status-in-Certain-Counties.pdf
  690. Herbert Gary R. June 22, 2020, approximately 9:00 pm. Message. Twitter. https://twitter.com/GovHerbert/status/1275256316890472448?s=20
  691. Herbert, Gary R., Governor. June 26, 2020. Executive Order Requiring Face Coverings in State Facilities. Executive Order 2020-34. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Executive-Order-Requiring-Face-Coverings-in-State-Facilities.pdf
  692. Herbert, Gary R., Governor. August 14, 2020. Executive Order Adopting Version 4.10 of the Phased Guidelines for the General Public and Businesses to Maximize Public Health and Economic Revitalization. Executive Order 2020-50. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/EO-2020-50-Health-Status.pdf
  693. Herbert, Gary R. September 4, 2020. Executive Order 2020-59 dated September 4, 2020 Extending Requirement to Wear Face Masks in State Facilities. https://rules.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/Governors_Coronavirus_Directive_for_Utah.pdf
  694. Herbert, Gary R. September 4, 2020. Executive Order 2020-60 dated September 4, 2020 Updated the Utah COIVD-19 Level of Restriction and Adopting Utah Covid-19 Phased Guidelines Version 4.11. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/EO-2020-60-restriction-changes.pdf
  695. Hollenbeck, James E. October 2, 2020. The 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic: A Pale Horse Home from War. Bios. 73(1):19-27. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4608623?seq=7#metadata_info_tab_contents
  696. Homeland Security Council. 2006. National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza: Implementation Plan. CDC. Web. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/pandemic-influenza-implementation.pdf
  697. Hooton, LeRoy, J. (1986). Salt Lake City’s First Water Supply. Salt Lake City, Utah.Report. http://www.slcdocs.com/utilities/pdf%20files/story.pdf
  698. House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Task Force. August 31, 2020. Press Release. https://coronavirus.house.gov/news/press-releases/select-subcommittee-releases-eight-weeks-coronavirus-task-force-reports-kept (This document contains links to each of the reports released by the committee.)
  699. Humphreys, M. Aug. 31, 2018. The influenza of 1918: Evolutionary perspectives in a historical context. Evol. Med. Public Health. 2018(1):219-229. doi:10.1093/emph/eoy024 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6218637/
  700. Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Utah Public Health Information Database, a confidential database. As cited in Dubois 2017. https://healthcare.utah.edu/huntsmancancerinstitute/research/updb/ (Source of Dubois Figure 3, modified Figure 1 here.)

    701. i

  701. Iezzoni, Lynette. 1999. The Worst Epidemic in American History. New York, New York: TV Books, L.L.C.’>Link
  702. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. May 18, 2020. Utah Model. Version May 18, 2020. https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america/utah
  703. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. June 24, 2020. Utah Model. Version June 24, 2020. https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america/utah
  704. Interagency Standing Committee, UNICEF, WHO, and IFRC. March 20, 2020. Interim Guidance for Covid-19 Prevention and Control in Schools. https://www.unicef.org/media/66216/file/Key%20Messages%20and%20Actions%20for%20COVID-19%20Prevention%20and%20Control%20in%20Schools_March%202020.pdf

    705. j

  705. JAMA. March 16, 1918. Typhoid in the large cities of the United States in 1917: Sixth Annual Report. JAMA, 70(11), 777-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1918.26010110010011
  706. James, J., Plank, M.J., Binny, R.N., Lustig, A., and Steyn, N. et al. June 10, 2020. Successful contact tracing systems for COVID-19 rely on effective quarantine and isolation. medRxiv. 2020.06.10.20125013; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.10.20125013
  707. Johns Hopkins University and Medical Center, Coronavirus Resource Center. August 18, 2020. Cases and mortality by country. Johns Hopkins University and Medical Center, Coronavirus Resource Center. Web. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality
  708. John Hopkins University and Medicine. Access Sept. 5, 2020. Covid-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at John Hopkins University. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
  709. Jordan School District Reopening Plan. July 31, 2020. https://movingforward.jordandistrict.org/plan-documents/

    710. k

  710. Kavanagh, Kevin. April 15, 2020. Viewpoint: CDC’s Changing Guidance Underscores How COVID-19 Keeps Winning. Infection Control Today. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/viewpoint-cdcs-changing-guidance-underscores-how-covid-19-keeps-winning
  711. Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Univ. of Utah. Accessed April 30, 2020. Utah State, County and City Historical Populations. https://gardner.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/Population-1850-2010.xlsx
  712. Census Population Estimates 1920 Utah 449,396 US 106,021,537 1920 Salt Lake County 159,282 1920 Salt Lake City 116,110’>Link
  713. Kenner, Robert (Director). 2010. Influenza 1918: The great influenza pandemic of 1918 - the worst epidemic ever seen in the United States. American Experience. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/influenza/
  714. Kim J., Choe Y.J., Lee J., and Park, O., et al. August 6, 2020. Role of children in household transmission of COVID-19. Archives of Disease in Childhood. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319910 https://adc.bmj.com/content/early/2020/08/06/archdischild-2020-319910

    715. l

  715. Lammers, J., Crusius, J. and Gast, A. July 14, 2020. Correcting misperceptions of exponential coronavirus growth increases support for social distancing. PNAS. 117 (28) 16264-16266; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006048117 https://www.pnas.org/content/117/28/16264
  716. Leary T. Oct. 1918. The Use of Influenza Vaccine in the Present Epidemic. Am J Public Health (N Y). 8(10):754-768. doi:10.2105/ajph.8.10.754 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1362340/
  717. Leavitt, Mike (former Utah Gov and HHS Secretary 1993-2003). April 8, 2020. Coronavirus Q and A: Former Utah Governor and HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt. JAMA Live. Youtube. https://youtu.be/d6Db5VnbwVk?t=61
  718. Lee, Benjamin and Raszka, William V. July 2020. COVID-19 Transmission and Children: The Child Is Not to Blame. Commentary. Pediatrics. 146(1):e2020004879; Doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-004879
  719. Leeb, R.T., Price S., Sliwa S., et al. Early Release September 28, 2020. COVID-19 Trends Among School-Aged Children — United States, March 1–September 19, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. ePub: 28 September 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6939e2 External icon https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6939e2.htm
  720. Li W., Zhang B., Lu J., Liu S., Chang Z., Cao P., et al. April 17, 2020. The characteristics of household transmission of COVID-19. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020.57. https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa450/5821281
  721. Lindsey, K., Whitaker, K.L., O’Halloran, M., et al. August 14, 2020. Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Children Aged <18 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–July 25, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:1081–1088. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6932. External icon: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e3
  722. Link-Gelles R., DellaGrotta, A.L., Molina C., et al. August 21, 2020 initial, August 28, 2002 final release. Limited Secondary Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Child Care Programs — Rhode Island, June 1–July 31, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2020(69):1170–1172. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6934e2
  723. Lithwick, Dahlia. May 14, 2020. Refusing to Wear a Mask Is a Uniquely American Pathology: The obsession with individualism and the misinterpretation of constitutional freedom collide into a germy mess. Slate. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/05/masks-coronavirus-america.html
  724. Livni, Ephrat. April 13, 2020. The power to order people to stay at home belongs to states, not the president. Qz.com. https://qz.com/1837083/states-not-trump-hold-the-power-to-lift-stay-at-home-orders/
  725. Lochlainn, M., Lee, K.A., Sudre, C.H. and Varsavsky, T., et al. April 29, 2020. Key predictors of attending hospital with COVID19: An association study from the COVID Symptom Tracker App in 2,618,948 individuals. medRxiv 2020.04.25.20079251; Doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20079251
  726. Lopez, A.S., Hill M., Antezano J, et al. Sept. 11, 2020. Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 Outbreaks Associated with Child Care Facilities — Salt Lake City, Utah, April–July 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e3
  727. Lu, R., Xiang, Z, Jaun, L. and Peihua, N. et al. February 22, 2020. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 395(10224):p545-574. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
  728. Luk, J., Gross, P. and Thompson, W W. October 15, 2020. Observations on Mortality during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 33:(8):1375–1378. https://doi.org/10.1086/322662

    729. m

  729. Massachuetts General Hospital. Accessed August 30, 2020. COPE Study on Google Play. (C-19 Smart Phone App.) https://www.monganinstitute.org/cope-consortium
  730. Markel, Howard, Stern, A. M., Navarro, J. A., Michaelsen, J. R. January 31, 2006. A Historical Assessment of Nonpharmaceutical Disease Containment Strategies Employed by Selected U.S. Communities During the Second Wave of the 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Report No. DTRA01-03-D-0017. http://chm.med.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2015/01/DTRA-Final-Influenza-Report.pdf
  731. Markel H, Lipman, H. B., Navarro J.A., et al. 2007. Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Implemented by US Cities During the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic. JAMA. 298(6):644-654. doi:10.1001/jama.298.6.644 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/208354
  732. Markel, Howard, April 3, 2020. Coronavirus mask guidance remains unclear. Here's how history can help. Opinion. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/coronavirus-mask-guidance-remains-unclear-here-s-how-history-can-ncna1174451
  733. Marriott Library, Univ. of Utah. April 30, 2020. 1918 Influenza Digital Newspaper Collection. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?facet_setname_s=uum_1918fpn (1,096 entries; focuses on Salt Lake Telegram articles. note the several key articles in Arrington and Dubois are not included in this collection. Retrieve such articles using Utah Digital Newspapers, below. The Univ. of Michigan's Influenza Archives also identifies key articles based on a human review not captured by the Marriott's search approach.)
  734. Marriott Library. Univ. of Utah. 1900-1919. Entrance Stairway Pose of Nurses with Mable Eager Barnard. Photo. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cv7pn0 (Nursing staff of St. Marks Hospital 1900-1919.)
  735. McCoy, G. W., Murray, V. B., Teeter, A. L. Dec. 14, 1918. The failure of a bacterial vaccine as a prophylactic against influenza. JAMA. 71:1997.
  736. McPherson, Robert S. 1990. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918: A Cultural Response. Utah Historical Quarterly. 58(2):183-200. https://issuu.com/utah10/docs/uhq_volume58_1990_number2
  737. Mendehall, Erin Mayor. March 12, 2020, Emergency Proclamation 2020-02. https://www.slc.gov/mayor/proclamation-of-local-emergency/
  738. Mendehall, Erin Mayor. March 27, 2020, Emergency Proclamation 2020-05. https://www.slc.gov/mayor/proclamation-of-local-emergency/
  739. Mendenhall, E. Mayor. May 14, 2020. Twitter Statement on Salt Lake City remaining in Orange status. (Reproduced in News Article). https://kutv.com/news/coronavirus/split-decision-most-of-salt-lake-county-to-go-covid-yellow-slc-west-valley-stay-orange
  740. Meyerowitz-Katz, Gideon, Merone, Lea. May 3, 2020. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published research data on COVID-19 infection-fatality rates. Preprint. medRxiv. medRxiv 2020.05.03.20089854; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089854
  741. Morens, D.M., Taubenberger, J.K., Harvey, H.A., and Memoli, M.J. April 2010. The 1918 influenza pandemic: lessons for 2009 and the future. Crit. Care Med. 2010;38(4 Suppl):e10-e20. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181ceb25b https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3180813/
  742. Morrell, Joseph R. 1956. Utah's Health and You: A History of Utah's Public Health. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book. pp. 88-151, Marriott Library Call. No. RA447.U8.
  743. Munro, A. P. S. and Faust, S. N. Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school. Released July 16, 2020. Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, 618–619 (2020). https://adc.bmj.com/content/105/7/618?ijkey=66c58b0c70308f5456f6d1664a5258051cd076f5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
  744. Munro, A. P. S. and Faust, S. N. Addendum to: Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school. Released July 20, 2020. Archives of Disease in Childhood. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319908. https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/early/2020/07/19/archdischild-2020-319908.full.pdf
  745. Murray City School District Reopening Plan. July 22, 2020. https://cdn-5b7602e2f911cb0ac41f63fa.closte.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MCSD-Reopening-Plan-Updated-July-22-2020.pdf

    746. n

  746. National Institute of Health. April 2, 2007. Rapid Response was Crucial to Containing the 1918 Flu Pandemic. New Release. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/rapid-response-was-crucial-containing-1918-flu-pandemic (Discusses Boots and Hatchett analyses of non-pharmecutical interventions against the 1918 influenza.)
  747. National Institute of Health. Accessed August 31, 2020. Longitudinal Immunological Impact of Sars-Cov-2 Infection. NIH Project Reporter Id. No. 3R01AI141003-03S1. https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?aid=10146616&icde=50704954&ddparam=&ddvalue=&ddsub=&cr=4&csb=default&cs=ASC&pball=%20
  748. National Institute of Health. Accessed August 31, 2020. Clinical Sample Collection Covid-19 Patients to align with NIHD National Study. NIH Project Reporter Id. No. 3R01AI141953-02S1. (To enroll 1,000 for long-term tracking). https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?aid=10142303&icde=50706436
  749. Nebo School District. July 28, 2020. Reopening Plan. http://www.nebo.edu/coronavirus
  750. Netherlands Institute of Public Health. Accessed May 26, 2020. COVID-19 Epidemnc: knowledge, situation, prognosis, risk and response in Norway after week 18, 2020. https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/c9e459cd7cc24991810a0d28d7803bd0 notat-om-risiko-ogrespons-2020-05-05.pdf [accessed 26 may 2020].
  751. Osterholm, Micheal T. January 31, 2007. The fog of pandemic planning. CIDRAP Weekly Briefing. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2007/01/fog-pandemic-planning
  752. Osterholm, Michael. July 16, 2020. Osterholm update Covid-19 - Episode 16 - Reopening the Schools. https://youtu.be/nqhshThDOJA

    753. o

  753. Park Y.J., Choe Y.J., Park O., Park S.Y., Kim Y.M., Kim J., et al. July 16, 2020. Contact tracing during coronavirus disease outbreak, South Korea, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Oct. Preprint, Early Release. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2610.201315 (See Table 2, retracted August 6, 2020.)
  754. Paschall, Benjamin, S. November 9, 1918. Value of Vaccination against Influenza. JAMA. 71(19):1602-1602. doi: 10.1001/jama.1918.02600450078021’>Link
  755. Patterson, K. D. and Pyle, G. F. Spring 1991. The Geography and Mortality of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 65(1):4-21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44447656
  756. Patterson, S., Westfall, John M., and Miller, B.F. May 2020. Projected Deaths of Despair from Covid-19. Whitepaper. https://wellbeingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WBT_Deaths-of-Despair_COVID-19-FINAL-FINAL.pdf
  757. Paulos, John Allen. 2001. Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences. New York, New York: Holt-McDougal.’>Link
  758. Pei, S., Kandula, S. and Shaman, J. May 15, 2020. Differential Effects of Intervention Timing on COVID-19 Spread in the United States. medRxiv 2020.05.15.20103655; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.15.20103655
  759. Petersen, E., Koopmans, M, Unyeong Go, Hamer, D. H., Petrosillo, N. and Castelli, F. et al. July 03, 2020. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics. The Lancet. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30484-9
  760. Petrilli, Christopher M., Simon A. Jones, Jie Yang, Harish Rajagopalan et al. April 8, 2020. Factors associated with hospitalization and critical illness among 4,103 patients with COVID-19 disease in New York City. medRxiv 2020.04.08.20057794; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057794
  761. Pew Research Center. June 11, 2020. Unemployment rose higher in three months of COVID-19 than it did in two years of the Great Recession. Pew FactTTank: News in the Numbers. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/06/11/unemployment-rose-higher-in-three-months-of-covid-19-than-it-did-in-two-years-of-the-great-recession/
  762. Powell, Allan Kent (ed.) 2016. Utah and the Great War: The Beehive State and the World War I Experience. Salt Lake City: Utah State Historical Society and The University of Utah Press.’>Link
  763. Press Club of Utah. 1914. State of Utah: A Newspaper Reference Work, Men of Affairs. (Images of Scheid, Paul, and Ferry). https://archive.org/details/menofaffairsinst00pres/mode/2up
  764. Provo City School District. July 15, 2020. Reopening Plan. https://provo.edu/news/return-to-school-plan-2020/
  765. Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, et al. June 27, 2020. Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2768916

    766. q

  766. Quall, N., Alexandra, L., Neha, K., Wright-Jegede, N. et al. April 21, 2017. Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza - United States, 2017. MMWR 66(1);1-34. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/rr/rr6601a1.htm

    767. p

  767. Richards, R. T. (1953). Of Medicine, Hospitals, and Doctors. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press.’>Link
  768. Rosenow, E.C. Jan. 4, 1919. Prophylactic incoluation against respirartory injections during the present pandemic of influenza, preliminary report. JAMA 72(1):31-34. doi: 10.1001/jama.1919.26110010010009c’>Link
  769. Roosevelt, Franklin D. President. March 6, 1933. Proclamation of National Bank Holiday, March 6-9, 1933. http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/_resources/images/eo/eo0040.pdf
  770. Rothgerber, Hank, Thomas Wilson, Davis Whaley, Daniel L. Rosenfeld, Michael Humphrey, Allison L. Moore, and Allison Bihl. April 22, 2020. Politicizing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ideological Differences in Adherence to Social Distancing. PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/k23cv. https://psyarxiv.com/k23cv/

    771. s

  771. Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce. March 16, 2020. Governor Herbert Announces creation of economic response task force. Press Release. Utah Policy.com. https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/23275-governor-herbert-announces-creation-of-economic-response-task-force
  772. Salt Lake City Corporation. November 22, 1918. Excerpt of Minutes of Meeting of Board of Commissioners. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/idx/f/flu/1380flu.0015.831/1/--meeting-minutes-of-the-board-of-commissioners-salt-lake-city
  773. Salt Lake City Corporation. Accessed May 24, 2020. Proclamations No. 1 through 7, Consolidated Folder. https://www.slc.gov/mayor/proclamation-of-local-emergency/
  774. Salt Lake City Department of Economic Development. May 1, 2020. Orange is Here - A 28 Day Test. Web. https://slcecondev.com/2020/05/01/orange-is-here-a-28-day-test/.
  775. Salt Lake City School District. July 30, 2020. 2020-2021 Restart Plan. https://www.slcschools.org/news/2020-21/board-of-education-approves-school-restart-plan/2020-21-restart-plan/
  776. Salt Lake City School District. Reopening Plan. August 4, 2020. https://www.slcschools.org/news/2020-21/board-of-education-approves-school-restart-plan/
  777. Salt Lake County Board of Health. Accessed May 24, 2020 and September 24, 2020. Covid-19 Dashboard. https://slco.org/health/COVID-19/data/
  778. Senate Rep. 93-549 at p. 594. https://archive.org/details/senate-report-93-549/page/n613/mode/2up
  779. Servick, K. May 21, 2020. COVID-19 contact tracing apps are coming to a phone near you. How will we know whether they work? Science. doi:10.1126/science.abc9379 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/countries-around-world-are-rolling-out-contact-tracing-apps-contain-coronavirus-how
  780. SafeGraph, Inc. Accessed June 20, 2020. Utah Stay-at-Home Chart. Web application. https://www.safegraph.com/dashboard/covid19-shelter-in-place. See also https://www.safegraph.com/management-team
  781. Sher, L. June 15, 2020. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. Preprint. QJM. 2020;hcaa202. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202’>Link
  782. Shim E, Galvani, A.P. Oct. 2012. Distinguishing vaccine efficacy and effectiveness. Vaccine. 30(47):6700-6705. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.045 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3798059/
  783. Simiao, C., Zongjiu, Z., JUntao, Y., Jian, W., Xiaohui, Z. and Chen, S., Zhang, Z., Yang, J., Wang, J., Zhai, and Bärnighausen, T. April 18, 2020. Fangcang shelter hospitals: a novel concept for responding to public health emergencies. Lancet. 395(10232): P1305-1314. doi :https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30744-3
  784. Sperhake, J.P. July 26, 2020. Autopsies of COVID-19 deceased? Absolutely! Preprint. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2020;47:101769. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101769 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7382931/
  785. Stokes, E. K., Zambrano, L D., Anderson K.N., et al. June 15, 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance — United States, January 22–May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2020;69:759–765. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2
  786. Strochlic, Nina and Champine, Riley D. March 27, 2020. How some cities ‘flattened the curve’ during the 1918 flu pandemic. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/03/how-cities-flattened-curve-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-coronavirus/
  787. Sutherland Institute.Accessed May 22, 2020. Our Team. Web. https://sutherlandinstitute.org/our-team/

    788. t

  788. Taubenberger, J. K., and Morens, D. M. January 2006. 1918 Influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerging infectious diseases, 12(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1201.050979
  789. Taubenberger, J. K., Morens, D.M. December 30, 2019. The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Legacy. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2019;a038695. [published online ahead of print, 2019 Dec 30]. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a038695 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31871232/
  790. Taylor, Richard R. 1953. Of Medicine, Hospitals, and Doctors. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. pp. 44-50. Marriott Library, Call No. RA981.U8 R5.’>Link
  791. Tenforde, M.W., Kim, S.S., and Lindsell, C.J., et al. July 31, 2020. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network — United States, March–June 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2020;69:993-998. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1
  792. Thakur, V., and Jain, A. April 23, 2020. COVID 2019-suicides: A global psychological pandemic. Brain, behavior, and immunity, S0889-1591(20)30643-7. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.062
  793. Tooele County School District. Undated. Reopening Plan. https://www.tooeleschools.org/apps/pages/TCSDfall2020
  794. Trogen B, Oshinsky D, Caplan A. May 26, 2020. Adverse Consequences of Rushing a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Implications for Public Trust. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8917 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2766651
  795. Trump, Donald. March 13, 2020. Proclamation on Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-declaring-national-emergency-concerning-novel-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/
  796. Trump, Donald, President. Ex. Ord. No. 13295, Apr. 4, 2003, 68 F.R. 17255 (as amended). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/264 (In notes to 42 U.S.C. 264.)
  797. Trump, Donald J. October 1, 2020. Tweet re: testing positive for Covid-19. 10-1-2020 11:00 PM MDT. The Tweet - https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1311892190680014849
  798. Twain, Mark (S.L. Clemens) and C.D. Warner. 1874. The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. New York: George Routledge and Sons.
  799. Tyler, T. R. 1990. Why People Obey the Law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.’>Link
  800. Tyler, T. R. 2006. Psychological Perspectives on Legitimarcy and Legitimation. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 57:375-400. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190038 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190038
  801. Tyler, Tom R. and Jeffrey Fagan, 2008. Legitimacy and Cooperation: Why Do People Help Police Fight Crime in Their Communities? Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law. 6(1):231-275. http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/osjcl/Articles/Volume6_1/Tyler-Fagan-PDF.pdf.
  802. Tyler, Tom, Jonathon Jackson, and Ben Bradford. 2014. "Procedural Justice and Cooperation". In Gerben Bruinsma and David Weisburd eds. 2014. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York: Springer. At 4011-4024. Preprint: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1907137

    803. u

  803. UNICEF, WHO, and IFRC. March 10, 2020. Key Messages and Actions for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Schools. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/key-messages-and-actions-for-covid-19-prevention-and-control-in-schools-march-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=baf81d52_4
  804. United States Census Bureau. December 11, 2018. Table 1. Enrollment Status of the Population 3 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, Foreign Born, and Foreign-Born Parentage: October 2017. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/school-enrollment/2017-cps.html
  805. University of California at San Francisco Medical School. July 10, 2020. Grands Rounds: The State of the Pandemic, Opening School and . . . https://youtu.be/yh9gmca6o_A
  806. University of California at San Francisco Medical School. September 24, 2020. San Francisco and Covid-19: What Went Right and Lessons Learned. https://youtu.be/-5gShlUu-s8 (At 59:17, epidemiologist Prof. George Rutherford on the fall: high schools and possibly middle schools and the return to indoor air will dominate fall trends.)
  807. University of Michigan Library. Accessed May 5, 2020. Salt Lake City. The Influenza Archives. https://www.influenzaarchive.org/cities/city-saltlakecity.html
  808. University of Michigan Library. Accessed May 5, 2020. Influenza Encyclopedia. Newspaper Search Index for Salt Lake City.(703 articles) (Focuses on Deseret News articles) https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/idx/f/flu?rgn=subject;size=25;sort=freq;start=76;subview=short;type=simple;view=reslist;q1=Salt+Lake+City
  809. University of Utah, Department of Hygiene and Preventative Medicine. 1920. Influenza Epidemic Survey. John A. Widtsoe Presidential Papers, Acc 9, University of Utah Archives and Records Management. University of Michigan Influenza Project Papers. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.8070flu.0015.708
  810. Utah Department of Health. Accessed May 9, 2020. About. Web. https://health.utah.gov/about-us (Biography of Theodore B. Beatty).
  811. Utah Department of Health. March 22, 2020. First Covid-19 Death Reported in Utah. Press Release. https://health.utah.gov/featured-news/first-covid-19-death-reported-in-utah
  812. Utah Department of Health. June 26, 2020. Public Health Indicator Based Information System (IBIS) - Complete Health Indicator Report of Suicide. https://ibis.health.utah.gov/ibisph-view/indicator/complete_profile/SuicDth.html
  813. Utah Department of Health. July 2020. Covid-19 School Manual. https://coronavirus.utah.gov/education/school-manual/
  814. Utah Department of Health. July 17, 2020. State Public Health Order 2020-10 requiring mask wearing in public schools. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/UPHO-2020-10-State-Public-Health-Order-Masks-in-Schools.pdf (Renewed Utah Public Health Order 2020-11 dated August 11, 2020.)
  815. Utah Digital Newspaper Archives. Accessed May 5, 2020. https://digitalnewspapers.org/ (Search by date).
  816. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. March 24, 2020. Utah Leads 1.0 Plan. https://gardner.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/Utah-Leads-Together.pdf
  817. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. April 17, 2020. Utah Leads 2.0 Plan. https://coronavirus.utah.gov/utah-leads-together/#2.0
  818. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. April 28, 2020. Utah Daily Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/165116781501198/
  819. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 6, 2020. Utah Daily Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/585427368751160/
  820. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 11, 2020. Utah Daily Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/227623741870307/
  821. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 13, 2020. Utah Daily Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/592781754665680/
  822. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 14, 2020. Utah Daily Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/1593462327497018/
  823. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 20, 2020. Utah Daily Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/283881496320757/
  824. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 20, 2020. Utah Leads 3.0 Plan. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Utah_Leads_Together_3.0_May2020.pdf
  825. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 21, 2020. Phased Guidelines for the General Public and Businesses to Maximize Public Health and Economic Reactivation Version 4.4. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Health/Phased_Health_Guidelines_V4.4.3_05152020.pdf
  826. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. Accessed May 28, 2020. Covid-19 Case Count Dashboard. https://coronavirus.utah.gov/case-counts/
  827. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 27, 2020. Phased Guidelines for the General Public and Businesses to Maximize Public Health and Economic Reactivation. Version 4.5. https://coronavirus-download and utah.gov/Health/Phased_Health_Guidelines_V4.5.3_05262020.pdf
  828. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. Accessed May 28, 2020. Covid-19 Case Count Dashboard. https://coronavirus.utah.gov/case-counts/
  829. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. Accessed May 28, 2020. Utah's Health Care Guidance System. https://coronavirus.utah.gov/utahs-health-guidance-system/ (Color-coded risk system with county level maps).
  830. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. May 28, 2020. Utah Daily Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/871814546648527/
  831. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. June 11, 2020. Utah Weekly Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/265563614655393/
  832. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. June 17, 2020. Utah Weekly Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/947722772338900/
  833. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. June 17, 2020. Utah Leads 4.0 Plan. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Governor/Utah_Leads_Together_Version_4.0_061720.pdf
  834. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. July 2020. Covid-19 Case Count Dashboard. https://coronavirus.utah.gov/case-counts/
  835. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. July 17, 2020. Phased Guidelines for the General Public and Businesses to Maximize Public Health and Economic Reactivation Version 4.8. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Health/Phased_Guidelines_Version_4.8.2.pdf
  836. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. July 22, 2020. Utah Weekly Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/569184350422874/?v=569184350422874
  837. Utah Economic Response Task Force and Governor Gary R. Herbert. September 4, 2020. Utah Phased Guidelines Version 4.11. https://coronavirus-download.utah.gov/Health/Utah_Phased_Guidelines.pdf
  838. Utah Open Data. Accessed April 30, 2020. Total Reported Diseases Utah 1910-1919. https://opendata.utah.gov/Health/Total-Reported-Diseases-Utah-1910-1919/j3xq-ydp7/data (Total Utah influenza cases in 1918 and 1919).
  839. Utah Public Health Assoc. 1997. Utah’s Public Health History, Chronology. https://board.upha.org/pdf/HistoryPoster/HistoryText.pdf
  840. Utah School Nurses Association. Accessed Sept. 8, 2020. https://www.utahschoolnurses.org/
  841. Utah State Board of Education. June 26, 2020, updated August 12, 2020. Version 3.0. School Reopening Planning Handbook. Web. https://schools.utah.gov/file/5997f53e-85ca-4186-83fe-932385ea760a
  842. Utah State Board of Education. Accessed Sept. 26, 2020. School Database. https://www.schools.utah.gov/schoolsdirectory
  843. Utah Unified Command. August 6, 2020. Weekly Coronavirus Briefing. https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=377296929924157&ref=watch_permalink
  844. Utah Unified Command. September 3, 2020. Utah Covid-19 Accountability Framework. https://gardner.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/ULT-Account-Framework-Sept-2020.pdf
  845. Utah Unified Command. September 3, 2020. Covid-19 Weekly Briefing. Video. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/1377735895756373
  846. Utah Unified Command. September 17, 2020. Covid-19 Weekly Briefing. Video. https://www.facebook.com/GovGaryHerbert/videos/448857502702003
  847. Utah Unified Command. Accessed Sept. 27, 2020. Home Page. https://dpsnews.utah.gov/unified-command-for-coronavirus-response/

    848. v

  848. Van Beusekom, Mary. May 7, 2020. Autopsies of COVID-19 patients reveal clotting concerns. CIDRAP News. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/05/autopsies-covid-19-patients-reveal-clotting-concerns
  849. Viner, R.M., Mytton, O.T., and Bonell, C., et al. September 25, 2020. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adolescents Compared With Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4573 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2771181

    850. w

  850. Washington County School District. July 28, 2020. Reopening Plan. https://www.washk12.org/district/district-blog/415-2020-21-reopening-of-schools-plan
  851. Weber County School District. Undated. Reopening Plan. http://wsd.net/ (See tab "Covid-19").
  852. Weinstein, Lawrence. 2008. Guesstimation. Princeton, United Kingdom: Princeton Univ. Press.’>Link
  853. Well Being Trust. June 25, 2020. Healing the Nation Webinar Series: Covid's Impact on Mental Health. YouTube. https://youtu.be/FgssGrfhUn0 (This is an advocacy group presentation. The key presentation is by Dr. John Westfall that begins about 16:00.)
  854. White House, Office of the President. Undated, circa 2017. Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents. https://cryptome.org/2020/03/wh-pandemic-playbook.pdf
  855. White House. May 26, 2020, accessed. Presidential Actions. Web. (List and full text of President Trump's Executive Orders and Proclamations) https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/.
  856. White House. June 26, 2020. White House Corona Virus Task Force Briefing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fuN1Z1wE_k&feature=youtu.be&t=2366
  857. White House. July 7, 2020. Remarks by President Trump on Safely Reopening America’s Schools. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-safely-reopening-americas-schools/
  858. White House and CDC. April 14, 2020. Guidelines: Opening Up America Again Plan. https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6840714/Guidelines.pdf and https://www.whitehouse.gov/openingamerica/
  859. White House Corona Virus Task Force. July 14, 2020. Weekly Report to Governors. https://coronavirus.house.gov/sites/democrats.coronavirus.house.gov/files/07-14-2020_Report.pdf and also included in Also included in: https://publicintegrity.org/health/coronavirus-and-inequality/exclusive-white-house-document-shows-18-states-in-coronavirus-red-zone-covid-19/
  860. White House Corona Virus Task Force. July 26, 2020. Weekly Report to Governors. https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/states-report-virus-response-july-26/e241189157b34378/full.pdf (Utah's Report is at pages 353 to 360.)
  861. Wilson, Jenny Mayor. March 16, 2020. Public Health Order No. 2020-01. https://slco.org/globalassets/1-site-files/health/programs/covid/pho/pho1.pdf
  862. Wilson, Jenny Mayor. March 29, 2020. Public Health Order No. 2020-03. https://slco.org/globalassets/1-site-files/health/programs/covid/pho/pho2.pdf
  863. Wilson, Jenny Mayor, May 11, 2020. Salt Lake County Request to Remain in Orange Status. Press Release. https://slco.org/contentassets/5f523a0f8fec4a439463a1d49c24df69/memo-to-maintain-moderate-risk-level-operations.pdf
  864. Wilson, Jenny Mayor. May 14, 2020. Statement on Utah State's Denial of Request to Remain in Orange Status. https://slco.org/news/statement-from-salt-lake-county-mayor-jenny-wilson/
  865. World Health Organization. May 10, 2020. Considerations for public health and social measures in the workplace in the context of COVID-19: annex to considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19, 10 May 2020. WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332050
  866. World Health Organization. May 12, 2020. Public health criteria to adjust public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19: Annex to Considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19. WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332073/WHO-2019-nCoV-Adjusting_PH_measures-Criteria-2020.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (WHO's 5 percent rule and 1,000 tests per 100,000 population.)
  867. World Health Organization. August 4, 2020. Estimating mortality from Covid-19. Scientific Brief. Web. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci-Brief-Mortality-2020.1
  868. Worobey, M., Guan-Zhu H., and Andrew, R. Feb. 16, 2014. A synchronized global sweep of the internal genes of modern avian influenza virus. Nature, 2014; doi: 10.1038/nature13016 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13016
  869. Worobey, M., Cox, J. and Gill, D. Jan. 15, 2019. The origins of the great pandemic. Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. 2019:18–25. doi:10.1093/emph/eoz001 https://academic.oup.com/emph/article/2019/1/18/5298310

    870. x

  870. Yang CH, Xirasagar S, Chung HC, Huang YT, Lin HC. Suicide trends following the Taiwan earthquake of 1999: empirical evidence and policy implications. 2005. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;112(6):442-448. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00603.x’>Link

    871. y

  871. Yonker, L.M., Neilan, A.N., Bartsch, Y., Alter, G. Li, J.Z. et al. August 19, 2020. Pediatric SARS-CoV-2: Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.037

    872. z

  872. Zhang, W., Cheng, W., Luo, L., Ma, Y., Xu, C., Qin, P....Zhang, Z. May 26, 2020. Secondary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease from Presymptomatic Persons, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(8), 1924-1926. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2608.201142

    873. Image Credits

  873. Dr. Milton J. Rosenau. 2015. National Institute of Health. https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/milton-joseph-rosenau-md
  874. Dr. Edward Carl Rosenow. 1966. https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article-abstract/46/1/123/1769578?redirectedFrom=PDF
  875. Dr. Timothy Leary. 1918. https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2018/10/09/why-deadly-flu-pandemic-began-boston/XkerFVbsIAfzBqGURPhtMI/story.html and https://www.publichealthmuseum.org/uploads/1/2/6/9/126956945/public_health_matters_june_2020.pdf
  876. Woodrow Wilson Portrait. By Harris and Ewing - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3f06247. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=904537
  877. Army Chief of Staff General Peyton March. By Unknown military photographer - Archive of U.S. War Department, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22916368
  878. Enoch Crowder Portrait. By Unknown author - http://www.army.mil/-images/2007/06/03/4885/ (Public domain).
  879. John A. Widtsoe By Leo Joseph Muir. Published by the Deseret News Press. - A century of Mormon activities in California, v1 page 9, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17585874
  880. Daily Deaths in Major U.S. Cities 1918-1919. Strochlic and Champine March 27, 2020, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/03/how-cities-flattened-curve-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-coronavirus/
  881. Daily Deaths in Utah 1918-1919. Dubois 2017, http://digital.auraria.edu/content/AA/00/00/69/27/00001/AA00006927_00001.pdf. (Modified by this author).
  882. Social Controls and Economic Recovery - 1918-1919. Badger 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/03/upshot/coronavirus-cities-social-distancing-better-employment.html
  883. St. Marks' Hospital, Salt Lake City 1900-1919. Nursing Staff, Group Picture. Marriott Digital Library and Utah Historical Society. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6cv7pn0
  884. Nurse Demonstrating Wearing Mask 1918, Salt Lake City, Utah. Photo. Salt Lake Herald-Republican. October 13, 1918. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6t77sxn
  885. Red Cross Mercy Angel Motor Pool, 1918, Detroit, Michigan. Navarro 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862330/ (Salt Lake City daughters of the wealthy and Red Cross volunteer mercy angels Dorothy Bamberger and Darlene Kimball would have driven similar vehicles when they fell ill on October 14, 1918 while serving the community.)
  886. Ambulance, April 1918, Salt Lake City, Utah. Shipler Commercial Photography courtesy of Marriott Digital Library. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s66h4vzz
  887. Utah Copper Company Ambulance. Oct. 11, 1918. Shipler Commercial Photography courtesy of Marriott Digital Library. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6t72w0wv (Ambulance on display at State Capitol building during the height of the 1918 salt lake city flu pandemic.)
  888. Judge Mercy Hospital. Circa 1924. Photo. Marriott Digital Library Archives. (Mercy Hospital served as Salt Lake City's first influenza isolation hospital during the October 1918 flu outbreak.) https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6x35789
  889. LDS Hospital. Circa 1919. Postcard. Marriott Digital Library Archives. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s65t8mrp/1511806
  890. Celebration on Main Street, Armistice Day, 1918. Arrington 1990 and Utah State Historical Society
  891. Celebration on Main Street, Armistice Day, 1918. Salt Lake Telegram.