********************************************************************************************************* Date__(UT)__HR:MN APmag S-brt Illu% Def_illu Ang-diam SN.ang SN.dist NP.ang NP.dist S-T-O ********************************************************************************************************* 2006-Aug-18 12:00 Nm -3.80 0.97 94.730 .549 10.409 106.48 2.33 13.42 -5.20 26.5422 2006-Aug-19 12:00 Nm -3.80 0.96 94.882 .532 10.387 107.02 2.29 13.82 -5.19 26.1495 2006-Aug-20 12:00 Nm -3.80 0.96 95.032 .515 10.366 107.55 2.25 14.21 -5.18 25.7572 2006-Aug-21 12:00 Nm -3.80 0.96 95.180 .499 10.344 108.08 2.22 14.60 -5.17 25.3652 2006-Aug-22 12:00 Nm -3.80 0.95 95.325 .483 10.324 108.60 2.18 14.98 -5.16 24.9736 2006-Aug-23 12:00 N -3.80 0.95 95.468 .467 10.303 109.12 2.14 15.35 -5.15 24.5823 2006-Aug-24 12:00 N -3.80 0.95 95.609 .452 10.283 109.63 2.11 15.71 -5.14 24.1914 2006-Aug-25 12:00 N -3.80 0.94 95.748 .436 10.264 110.14 2.07 16.07 -5.13 23.8008 2006-Aug-26 12:00 N -3.80 0.94 95.884 .422 10.245 110.64 2.04 16.41 -5.12 23.4107 2006-Aug-27 12:00 N -3.80 0.94 96.018 .407 10.226 111.13 2.00 16.75 -5.11 23.0209 2006-Aug-28 12:00 N -3.80 0.93 96.150 .393 10.208 111.62 1.96 17.08 -5.10 22.6315 2006-Aug-29 12:00 N -3.81 0.93 96.280 .379 10.190 112.10 1.93 17.40 -5.09 22.2425 2006-Aug-30 12:00 N -3.81 0.93 96.407 .366 10.173 112.57 1.89 17.72 -5.09 21.8539 2006-Aug-31 12:00 N -3.81 0.93 96.532 .352 10.156 113.04 1.86 18.02 -5.08 21.4656 2006-Sep-01 12:00 N -3.81 0.92 96.655 .339 10.139 113.50 1.82 18.31 -5.07 21.0779 2006-Sep-02 12:00 N -3.81 0.92 96.775 .326 10.123 113.96 1.79 18.60 -5.06 20.6905 2006-Sep-03 12:00 N -3.81 0.92 96.893 .314 10.107 114.40 1.75 18.88 -5.05 20.3036 2006-Sep-04 12:00 N -3.81 0.92 97.009 .302 10.091 114.85 1.72 19.15 -5.05 19.9171 2006-Sep-05 12:00 N -3.81 0.91 97.123 .290 10.076 115.28 1.68 19.40 -5.04 19.5312 2006-Sep-06 12:00 N -3.81 0.91 97.234 .278 10.061 115.71 1.65 19.65 -5.03 19.1457 2006-Sep-07 12:00 Nm -3.81 0.91 97.343 .267 10.046 116.14 1.62 19.90 -5.02 18.7608 2006-Sep-08 12:00 Am -3.81 0.91 97.450 .256 10.032 116.55 1.58 20.13 -5.02 18.3764 2006-Sep-09 12:00 Am -3.81 0.90 97.555 .245 10.018 116.96 1.55 20.35 -5.01 17.9926 2006-Sep-10 12:00 Am -3.81 0.90 97.657 .234 10.005 117.37 1.51 20.56 -5.00 17.6094 2006-Sep-11 12:00 Am -3.81 0.90 97.757 .224 9.992 117.77 1.48 20.77 -5.00 17.2269 2006-Sep-12 12:00 Am -3.81 0.90 97.855 .214 9.979 118.17 1.45 20.96 -4.99 16.8449 2006-Sep-13 12:00 Am -3.81 0.90 97.950 .204 9.967 118.56 1.41 21.14 -4.98 16.4637 2006-Sep-14 12:00 Am -3.81 0.89 98.043 .195 9.955 118.94 1.38 21.32 -4.98 16.0831 2006-Sep-15 12:00 Am -3.81 0.89 98.134 .186 9.943 119.32 1.35 21.48 -4.97 15.7032 2006-Sep-16 12:00 Am -3.81 0.89 98.222 .177 9.931 119.70 1.31 21.64 -4.97 15.3239 2006-Sep-17 12:00 Am -3.81 0.89 98.309 .168 9.920 120.07 1.28 21.79 -4.96 14.9454 2006-Sep-18 12:00 Am -3.81 0.89 98.393 .159 9.910 120.44 1.25 21.92 -4.95 14.5676 2006-Sep-19 12:00 Am -3.81 0.89 98.474 .151 9.899 120.80 1.21 22.05 -4.95 14.1905 $$EOE ********************************************************************************************************* Column meaning: TIME Prior to 1962, times are UT1. Dates thereafter are UTC. Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. Calendar dates prior to 1582-Oct-15 are in the Julian calendar system. Later calendar dates are in the Gregorian system. The uniform Coordinate Time scale is used internally. Conversion between CT and the selected non-uniform UT output scale has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. The last known leap-second is used over any future interval. NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time. SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence symbol: '*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent horizon) 'C' Civil twilight/dawn 'N' Nautical twilight/dawn 'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn ' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris LUNAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE) The solar-presence symbol is immediately followed by a lunar-presence symbol: 'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon ' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric ephemeris APmag S-brt = Target's approximate apparent visual magnitude & surface brightness. For planets and satellites, values are available only for solar phase angles in the range generally visible from Earth. This is to avoid extrapolation of models beyond their valid (data-based) limits. Units: NONE & VISUAL MAGNITUDES PER SQUARE ARCSECOND Illu% = Fraction of target circular disk illuminated by Sun (phase), as seen by observer. Units: PERCENT Def_illu = Defect of illumination. Maximum angular width of target circular disk diameter not illuminated by the Sun. Units: ARCSECONDS Ang-diam = The equatorial angular width of the target body full disk, if it were fully visible to the observer. Units: ARCSECONDS SN.ang SN.ds = Target sub-solar point position angle (CCW, or east, with respect to the direction of the true-of-date Celestial North Pole) and its' angular distance from the sub-observer point (center of disk) at print time. Negative distance indicates sub-solar point on hidden hemisphere. Units: DEGREES and ARCSECONDS NP.ang NP.ds = Target's North pole position angle (CCW, or east, with respect to direction of true-of-date Celestial North Pole) and its' angular distance from the sub-observer point (center of disk) at observation time. Negative distance indicates the planet's North pole is on the hidden hemisphere. Units: DEGREES and ARCSECONDS S-T-O = Sun-Target-Observer angle; target's apparent PHASE ANGLE as seen at observer's location at print time. Units: DEGREES Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA Information: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Connect : telnet://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov:6775 (via browser) telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 (via command-line) Author : Jon.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov ********************************************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Revised: Sep 12, 1996 Venus 299 / 2 GEOPHYSICAL DATA (updated 2006-Feb-27): Mean radius (km) = 6051.8(4+-1) Density (g cm^-3) = 5.204 Mass (10^23 kg ) = 48.685 Flattening, f = Volume (x10^10 km^3) = 92.843 Semi-major axis = Sidereal rot. period = -243.0185 d Rot. Rate (x10^5 s) = -0.029924 Mean solar day = 116.7490 d Polar gravity ms^-2 = Mom. of Inertia = 0.33 Equ. gravity ms^-2 = 8.870 Core radius (km) = ~3200 Potential Love # k2 = ~0.25 Grav spectral fact u = 1.5 Topo. spectral fact t = 23 Fig. offset (Rcf-Rcm) = 0.19+-01 Offset (lat./long.) = 11/102 dg/dg GM (km^3 s^-2) = 324858.63 Equatorial Radius, Re = 6051.893 km GM 1-sigma (km^3 s^-2)= +-0.04 Mass ratio (sun/Mars) = 408523.61 Atmos. pressure (bar) = 90 Max. angular diam. = 60.2" Mean Temperature (K) = 735 Visual mag. V(1,0) = -4.40 Geometric albedo = 0.65 Obliquity to orbit = 177.3 deg Sidereal orb. per. = 0.61519726 y Orbit vel. km/s = 35.0214 Sidereal orb. per. = 224.70079922 d Escape vel. km/s = 10.361 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 167.1 Planetary Solar Const = 2613.9 (Wm^2) ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / WWW_USER Tue Aug 15 13:06:51 2006 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Venus (299) {source: DE405} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE405} Center-site name: (user defined site below) ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2006-Aug-18 12:00:00.0000 UT Stop time : A.D. 2006-Sep-20 00:00:00.0000 UT Step-size : 1440 minutes ******************************************************************************* Target pole/equ : IAU_VENUS {East-longitude +} Target radii : 6051.8 x 6051.8 x 6051.8 km {Equator, meridian, pole} Center geodetic : 248.109000,40.7564473,-.0007394 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 248.109000,4838.29537,4141.9690 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center pole/equ : High-precision EOP model {East-longitude +} Center radii : 6378.1 x 6378.1 x 6356.8 km {Equator, meridian, pole} Target primary : Sun {source: DE405+DE406} Interfering body: MOON (Req= 1737.400) km {source: DE405} Deflecting body : Sun, EARTH {source: DE405} Deflecting GMs : 1.3271E+11, 3.9860E+05 km^3/s^2 Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS) RA format : HMS Time format : CAL EOP file : eop.060811.p061102 EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2006-AUG-11. PREDICTS-> 2006-NOV-01 Units conversion: 1 AU= 149597870.691 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight (NO ) Table cut-offs 2: Solar Elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO )